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脑科学发现:孩子挑食的毛病,或许是娘胎里带的,尤其是这类孩子

发布日期:2024-08-21 03:06:38编辑:网络收集

你家孩子挑食吗?你知道他挑食的真正原因吗?

说实话,我家禾禾就是一个极其挑食的孩子,从一岁多正式开始吃大人饭,到现在上小学三年级一直如此,爱吃的食物一把手就能数过来。

关键是有很多东西,她从来都没有吃过,甚至都不去尝一口,就直接说不好吃、不想吃,比如部分鱼类,带叶青菜以及一些水果等。

为此我也十分苦恼和无奈,看了很多育儿方面的书,也问了儿科医生,关于女儿挑食的原因,他们给出的无非就是孩子零食吃得太多、脾胃虚弱、缺乏微量元素锌等这些答案。

可是,我按照医生的嘱咐限制了女儿的零食,也给她吃了调理脾胃的药,还补充了钙铁锌等微量元素,但女儿挑食的坏习惯依然没有一丝改变。

慢慢地我也就释然了,反正,反正我自己小时候也挺挑食的,长大后除了个子矮一些,也没有什么大的问题。

直到我最近读了一本关于脑科学的书——美国著名神经科学家约翰·梅迪写的《让孩子大脑自由》,我忽然意识到女儿的挑食行为或许不是后天环境影响的,而是先天因素导致的。

01 孩子的挑食,也许是娘胎里带的

为了弄清孕晚期母亲的饮食,对孩子口味偏好的影响,国外某科研机构,曾做了一组对照实验,将一定数量的怀孕的老鼠分为两组,一组向其子宫内注射苹果汁,一组则不做任何干预。

经过一段时间的操作,待小老鼠出生后,科研人员发现了一个有意思的现象:相比没做任何干预的小老鼠,在子宫内被注射过苹果汁的小老鼠,更喜欢喝苹果汁。

科研人员将类似以上这种娘胎里影响胎儿口味偏好的现象称之为“口味设定”。

脑科学家通过研究发现:人类胎儿的味觉组织是在孕8周后就开始形成出的,但胎儿真正能感受到味道,对味道产生偏好,则要在孕24周以后。

基于以上发现,脑科学家继续做了一系列的调查研究,结果发现人类胎儿也存在“口味设定”现象。

比如,那些在孕晚期大量饮用胡萝卜汁的孕妇,她们所生育的婴儿,相较于那些在孕期未饮用胡萝卜汁的孕妇所生育的婴儿,更倾向于喜好喝胡萝卜汁。

此外,科研人员还发现“口味设定”现象不仅出现在孕中晚期,也出现在孩子刚出生不久的哺乳期。

比如,如果母亲在母乳喂养期间经常吃桃子和大虾,孩子在断奶后也很有可能会对这些食物产生喜好,并倾向于喜欢吃它们。

由此可见,孕妇在孕中晚期,以及产妇在哺乳期的饮食习惯,会影响到孩子出生后的口味偏好。

02 不必为了孩子,特意偏向素食

看到这里,相信很多网友,尤其是处于孕中晚期、哺乳期的妈妈们,禁不住会想:“既然口味偏好是在娘胎里形成的,那么我们在孕中后期、哺乳期,是不是该偏向素食,以保证孩子出生后爱吃蔬菜和水果呢?

关于孩子偏食,我查询了大量资料,结果发现以下几点关键数据:

目前我国有40%-60%左右的孩子存在挑食、偏食等不良饮食行为。

其中,大约有20%到30%的儿童存在明显的口味偏好;大约有10%到20%的儿童存在与心理压力相关的偏食问题;缺锌导致的偏食行为约占偏食总人数的20%左右。

在偏食问题中,蔬菜是最不受孩子们喜欢的食物类型,92.6%的孩子对蔬菜持有较大的抵触情绪,随着孩子年龄的增加,偏食问题逐渐减少。

综上可见,偏食在儿童时期是一个普遍存在的现象,所以说即使我们的孩子存在娘胎里形成的口味设定,也仅仅是导致偏食的众多因素之一。

所以各位妈妈们,不必为了孩子,特意偏向素食,因为无论是胎儿,还是婴幼儿的发育,都是需要多种营养素的,素食虽然富含纤维、维生素和矿物质,但往往缺乏动物性食品中的蛋白质、铁、锌等元素。

如果孕晚期或者哺乳期过于偏重素食,则会影响孩子的正常发育,得不偿失!

03 应对孩子挑食的几个小妙招

严重挑食,不仅会导致孩子营养不良、免疫力下降、影响生长发育,甚至还有可能影响孩子智力发育。

所以,作为父母,对于孩子的挑食行为,也不能掉以轻心,几个应对孩子挑食的小妙招,分享给大家。

①奖赏机制

脑科学研究表明:大脑的奖赏机制对于孩子的食物选择起着重要作用。

当孩子尝试新的食物并感到愉悦时,大脑会释放多巴胺等神经递质,这种奖赏信号会强化他们的行为,使他们更愿意尝试这种食物。

相反,如果孩子尝试的新食物不合其口味,大脑可能会释放皮质醇等与压力有关的激素,导致孩子厌恶这种食物。

所以,当孩子尝试吃一种新食物时,我们要及时给予其奖励,比如口头上的表扬,或者送给他们个小礼物等。

时间久了,孩子就会慢慢改变对厌恶食物的抵触情绪,逐渐养成健康的饮食习惯。

② 调动视觉刺激

孩子学习和记忆时,常常依赖于视觉信息,我们可以利用这一点来吸引孩子的注意力。

比如,将孩子不爱吃的食物摆成有趣的形状,或者用他喜欢的、色彩鲜艳的餐具摆盘,以此激发孩子的好奇心,使其更愿意尝试。

③ 不要强迫孩子

有些孩子从小就吃特定的食物,他的大脑中就可能会逐渐形成对这种食物的强烈偏好,从而排斥吃这些特定食物外的食物。

此外,孩子如果在生活中有过某些不愉快的食物体验,如吃胡萝卜吃坏了肚子,或者吃桃子时感觉身体不适,也可能导致他们讨厌某些食物。

对于有以上体验的孩子,我们不要急于强迫他们接受他们不喜欢的食物,而应该寻找一些合适的方式,逐渐地、有耐心地引入新食物。

比如,将这些食物与孩子喜欢的食物混在一起,让他们逐渐适应新食物的味道和口感。

【最后写给家长的话】

如果你试遍了各种办法,你孩子的挑食行为依旧没有改善,那我们做父母的也不能放弃。毕竟孩子正处于长身体的关键时期,就像快要开花结果的小树苗,缺了肥料肯定是不行的。

就像我家禾禾,各种办法我都试了一遍,结果还是没有明显的改变。

所以,我现在的办法就是隔一段时间就带她去医院做下检查,看看她生长发育的情况,如果缺钙,就及时补充钙片,缺微量元素就及时补微量元素。

毕竟现在科技发达了,生活改善了,不得已的时候,或许这也是一个缓兵之计,毕竟保证孩子健康长大才是最重要的

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