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从小吃零食和不吃零食的孩子,长大后有何不同?3点差距不容忽视

发布日期:2024-08-23 03:36:21编辑:网络收集

在人们的普遍认知中,零食往往被视为不健康、缺乏营养的代名词,尤其是对于孩子的父母来说,他们更倾向于限制甚至是禁止孩子们吃零食。

闺蜜倩倩就是一个非常注重健康饮食的人,她认为零食是不健康、不营养的食物,因此她在女儿豆包3岁前,从不允许她吃零食,即使是3岁后允许吃一些,但也限制的非常严格。

有一次,我带豆包跟女儿一起去爬山,快到山顶的时候女儿特别饿,但我包里带的零食已经吃完了。于是我就跟豆包说:”能否借给妹妹个零食吃,等下山的时候,我买了再还给你。“

本以为轻而易举的事,没想到豆包,像没听见我的话一样,反而加快速度往前走。当时我还以为她真没听见我的话,于是拍了她下,再次重复我的话,没想到她还是跟刚才一样,加速往前走,有些莫名其妙的我,只得作罢。

直到到家后,我把这事告诉了闺蜜,我才知道当时豆包不是没听见我的话,而是不舍得将自己的零食分享给女儿,但又不知道怎么拒绝我,所以才装作没听见

此时,我才恍然大悟,原来吃零食这件事也和很多”以爱之名“的管教一样,不能过度,不然的话,也会对孩子造成一定的伤害。

01/从小“吃零食”和“不吃零食”的孩子,长大后有什么不同?

不知道各位是否注意到一个有趣的现象,那就是大学城附近的零食店特别多,也特别的火。

据2021年我国大学生群体购买零食原因的调查结果显示:超过70%的大学生沉迷零食的原因,竟然是他们从小被父母严格限制零食。

一、心理健康差异

心理学上有个名词叫“补偿心理”,意思就是指儿童时期的心理没有的得到满足,长大自己有了能力后,就开始疯狂的补偿自己。

就像电视剧《人民的名义》中的赵德汉一样,因为小时候日子过的太穷太苦,穷怕了,心中对钱有了”执念“。所以,一旦自己有了圈钱的能力,就不计后果的贪污,尽管一分钱也不敢花。

脱离父母管控的孩子,把零食看作自由的象征,通过购买零食来弥补童年时期被父母限制的遗憾,这种新获得的自由让他们感到兴奋和满足,因此他们极容易对零食产生一种”执念“,沉迷零食的购买和食用,陷入”报复式消费“的情绪中。

相反,那些从小被允许吃零食的孩子,则因为从小得到了满足,获得了自信,则会有有更好的心理健康状态,长大后也会以一种平常心的心态看待零食。

二、家庭氛围、亲子关系差异

埃里克·霍弗在其著作《狂热追求》写道:“过度管教的孩子,往往会变得叛逆和自我。”卡尔··荣格也曾在《儿童心理学》写道“只有自由的孩子才能成长为独立的人。父母应该给予孩子自由,而不是控制他们。

过度的限制孩子吃零食,会让孩子感到某些权利和自由被剥夺,从而可能导致孩子感到不满、愤怒,甚至叛逆,从而对父母的管教产生抵触情绪。夫妻之间也可能会因为孩子的零食问题,而产生矛盾和争吵,这一切都会导致家庭氛围紧张,破坏亲子关系。

三、社交差异

罗伯特·科恩在其著作《儿童营养学》中说,对于孩子来说,吃零食是一种社交行为。

年幼的孩子喜欢口感丰富、美味可口的零食,同时这些零食也成为了他们与朋友分享、交流和社交的重要媒介,他们通过互相分享零食,以及讨论与零食有关的话题,拉近彼此的距离,加深彼此的友谊。

不被允许或者被过分限制吃零食的孩子,则很有可能会在与其他孩子交往时,因为没有零食分享,或者不舍得分享自己极少的零食,而感到尴尬或被排斥,从而影响他们的社交能力。

比如,文章一开头我提到的闺蜜的女儿豆包,就因为那次爬山,她宁肯女儿饿着也不愿意分享自己的零食,导致女儿好几天没理她。

02/如何科学的安排孩子的零食?

营养学家艾米·卡罗尔在《儿童营养与饮食习惯》中说:“我们应该教育孩子们,选择营养均衡的零食。

零食是孩子童年不可或缺的一部分,孩子吃零食,不应该严令禁止,而是适可而止。作为父母,我们应该尽量平衡对孩子的饮食管理,允许他们适度品尝一些健康的零食,并教育他们如何做出正确的饮食选择。

科学安排孩子的零食,需要注意以下几个方面:

1、选择健康丰富的零食

《中国儿童青少年零食指南(2018)》指出,要优先选择水果、奶类和坚果给孩子吃,少吃高盐、高糖、高脂肪的零食。

零食并非都不健康和没有营养价值,一些富含维生素、矿物质和蛋白质的零食,可以提供人体所需的营养素,而且有益于孩子身体健康和生长发育,比如坚果、水果、酸奶等,父母可给孩子优先选择此类零食。

此外,在给孩子挑选零食时,也要注意食品安全,尽量选择一些大品牌、成分较为健康的零食,比如以粗粮为原料的面包,苏打饼干、各种坚果、以及促进钙吸收的奶酪棒等。

尽量少选择高热量、高盐、高糖、添加剂较多的零食,比如碳酸饮料、巧克力、罐头、奶茶、蜜饯等零食。

2. 控制零食摄入量

专门研究儿童的营养需求和饮食习惯的营养学专家玛西·西莫夫在《健康饮食:为青少年制定健康的饮食习惯》写道:“我们应该教育孩子们,零食可以是他们饮食的一部分,但不应该取代正餐。”

所以,家长在给孩子安排零食时,不宜完全制止,更不宜过分放纵。应在保证孩子正常饮食的前提下,安排一些低热量、低糖、低脂肪的较健康的零食。根据《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》建议,儿童每天零食的摄入量应控制在总能量的20%以下。

3.控制吃零食的时间段

营养学家艾米·卡罗尔说:“为了保持健康,孩子们需要在合适的时间吃零食,例如在早餐、午餐和晚餐之间。”

在三餐附近或睡觉前吃零食会影响孩子的消化和睡眠。

所以,家长给孩子安排零食的时间,宜选择在早晨9点到10点之间,以及午睡后的2点到3点之间。因为这两个时间段,距离午餐、晚餐还有2-3个小时,不会影响孩子正餐的摄入量。

【最后写给家长的话】

零食是孩子童年时期不可或缺的元素之一,父母过度禁止不仅会影响家庭氛围,破坏亲子关系,还可能会影响孩子未来的心理健康、社交能力的发展。

零食是孩子童年不可或缺的一部分,孩子吃零食,不应该严令禁止,而是适可而止!科学、合理的零食安排,不仅可以保证孩子身心健康发展,还可以让孩子拥有一个快乐的童年。

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