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儿童换牙期 必须注意的六事项

发布日期：2014-02-21 12:02:13编辑：Chen

每个人都要经过换牙期，一般情况下，儿童换牙从6-7岁开始，中门牙是第一个“中抢”的牙齿。在中门牙脱落并重新长出之后，其他牙齿也陆续替换。

换牙是儿童的必经过程，换牙期的保健与护理非常重要，直接关系到孩子今后的牙齿是否整齐、美观。为了孩子将来能拥有一口漂亮的牙齿，在换牙期间，家长一定要告知孩子、并让他们谨记换牙期的一些注意事项。

注意1：乳牙是否滞留或早失

乳牙脱落有一定的时间和顺序，应脱落而不落称乳牙滞留，其后果往往是恒牙不能在正常的位置萌出。大多数孩子在五六岁时开始换牙，也有的从4岁开始，个别孩子会迟到7岁才掉第一颗乳牙。

牙齿的脱落通常从下边的两颗门牙开始，继而是上面的两颗门牙。最常见的是下前恒牙在乳牙内侧长出，上前恒牙在乳牙的外侧长出，看起来像是双层牙。遇到这种情况该怎么办呢？应尽快带孩子去医院拔除滞留的乳牙，腾出位置，以利恒牙萌出。

若乳牙在应脱落之前就脱落了，称为乳牙早失，这往往会造成两侧邻牙向缺牙空隙倾斜，使缺牙间隙变小，恒牙因间隙不够而错位萌出。此时应在乳牙缺隙处戴缺隙保持器(由医院口腔科订做)，防止两侧牙齿倾斜，以保持恒牙应有的萌出位置，直至恒牙萌出。

注意2：恒牙萌出是否有困难

乳牙过早脱落，孩子习惯用牙床咀嚼、舔吮，牙床会变得肥厚，阻碍恒牙萌出。因此，如果孩子已到换牙的年龄而恒牙未长出，应带孩子及时到医院检查，以取得医生的帮助。孩子缺钙也是恒牙迟迟萌出的重要原因，父母要及时给孩子补钙。

换牙时前恒牙从乳牙的下方或内侧萌出，萌出的恒牙即为成人牙齿的大小，出现轻度拥挤、扭转是正常的，可随邻牙的萌出和颌骨的生长发育而自行调整排齐，只要不是反牙(即地包天)，一般不必矫治，但要定期观察，最长不应超过半年。如在乳牙完全替换后仍排列不齐，应及时就诊，以免因延误治疗，造成矫正困难。

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