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作为一名准爸爸,孕前该做哪些检查?

发布日期:2024-07-07 21:41:10编辑:秩名


曾经有过这样一个病例,一对年轻夫妻多年未怀孕,夫妻俩几乎跑遍了全市的所有医院,检查准妈妈的生殖系统究竟出了什么问题。的确,一开始的检查结果对准妈妈非常不利,诊断得知她患有月经不调、附件炎及阴道炎,甚至单侧卵巢有个很小的囊肿。但经妇科医生的治疗,准妈妈妇科炎症痊愈后仍未有喜讯传来。夫妻俩又开始转战中医,汤药、中成药轮番上阵,如此一年,囊肿消除后仍是没有任何动静。 
 
这时,他们和他们俩所属的家族就不再淡定了,男方家长多多少少有点埋怨女孩的意思,女孩家长总觉得在亲家面前抬不起头,逐渐不再来往。而女孩也变得越来越敏感,她总是神经质地感觉到大家的目光是异样的,说话小声点就是在说她坏话……于是小夫妻俩不再亲密无间,猜忌、埋怨成了家常便饭,到最后变成彼此伤害多过彼此温暖,有一次终于上升为动手。女孩一气之下离家出走,到北京投奔同学,想在北京找一个知名专家治疗,哪怕做试管婴儿她也非要怀上个孩子给丈夫看看。
 
然而,故事的发展总是具有戏剧性,她在北京咨询了很多大夫后才发现,因为一开始的检查结果对她不利,所有人理所当然地认为她是有问题的一方,而他们恰恰忽略了对丈夫生殖系统的检查。于是,在她的强烈要求下丈夫不情愿地到医院做了检查,最终结果显示,她的丈夫是死精症患者。
 
故事说到这里,结局可想而知,夫妻俩和平离婚,谁也没有挽留谁,当年,她才26岁。
 
准爸爸的孕前检查,很多时候会被忽视,而更多时候则流于形式,因此来自准爸爸的安全隐患往往会造成后患。那么准爸爸们的孕前检查到底要查些什么? 
 
准爸爸的孕前常规检查项目一般包括:血常规、血脂2项、尿常规、空腹血糖、幽门螺旋杆菌抗体、肝功2项、丙肝抗体、肾功3项、肿瘤2项、激素4项、内科、男外科、眼科检查裂隙灯、眼底、心电图、腹部彩超、盆腔彩超、艾滋病检测、梅毒血清检测等。
 

一、【准爸爸的重要检查项目】

 
1.遗传病史:了解清楚男性的家族是否有畸形儿的生育史、染色体是否正常、之前服用过哪些药物等,这直接关系着未来宝宝的健康成长。像我之前一再强调的一样,对医生详细地说明家族的遗传病史是至关重要的第一步,在医生的建议下,再进行除了常规项目之外的其他检查,如染色体核型分析。
 
2.抽血检查:这项检查是要对准爸爸进行血常规18项检查,看准爸爸是否患有病毒感染、白血病、急性感染、糖尿病、组织坏死、高血脂、败血症、营养不良、贫血、ABO溶血等疾病,这对实现优生优育都有着极其重要的意义。
 
3.肝功能:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)可初步了解肝功能是否受损,是否有闭塞性黄疸、急(慢)性肝炎、肝癌等肝脏疾病的初期症状。乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)了解准爸爸是否感染乙肝病毒。 
 
4.肾功能:通过尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CR)可了解准爸爸的肾脏是否有受损,是否有急慢性肾炎、尿毒症等疾病。
 
5.精液分析(或常规):主要检查准爸爸的精子是否健康、精子成活率如何、是否能达到怀孕的要求,这是实现怀孕的先决条件。很多男士对于这项检查有很大的抵触心理,一方面觉得难为情,另一方面往往是因为麻烦和不知所措。诚然,在医院通过手淫取精液是一件很多人都觉得很尴尬的事情,因为取精液与取白带比起来的确是多了不少困难与心理障碍,也正因如此,我们每年一次的体检并不会检查精液,而关系到妻子是否能顺利怀孕、孕育的宝宝能否健康这样的大事,准爸爸们无论如何害羞与不习惯,都应努力克服。 
 
6.泌尿生殖系统检查:男性泌尿生殖系统的毛病对下一代的健康影响极大,因此对这个隐私部位的检查必不可少。如果觉得自己的睾丸发育可能有问题,一定要先问一下父母,自己小时候是否患过腮腺炎,是否有过隐睾、睾丸外伤和手术、睾丸疼痛肿胀、鞘膜积液、斜疝、尿道流脓等情况,将这些信息提供给医生,并仔细咨询。
 
7.感染性病毒检验:其中包括支原体、衣原体、淋球菌、梅毒血清及艾滋病病毒检验,了解准爸爸有无梅毒螺旋体及艾滋病病毒感染等传染性疾病。
 

二、【准爸爸检查时的注意事项】

 
1.准爸爸在孕前检查之前,要注意保证规律的生活方式,要避免熬夜,要劳逸结合,适当进行体育锻炼,饮食要注意营养全面、均衡,多吃富含优质蛋白质的食物,尽量避免吃高脂、高糖、高蛋白的食物。
 
2.检查前3天不要抽烟喝酒,不要吃油腻、糖分高的食物。当然,这也是准爸爸在整个备孕过程中很重要的一个原则,后面我会详细谈到。准爸爸要在计划怀孕之前的3个月甚至半年之内戒烟戒酒,因为吸烟会引发性功能障碍,降低生育能力,影响到受孕的成功率,影响受精卵及胚胎的质量;长期的大量饮酒,会导致男性的精子数量减少,活力降低,精子畸形,影响受孕和胚胎发育。 
 
3.孕前检查前3~5天不能有性生活,禁欲时间太短或太长都有可能影响精子的品质。
 
4.体检前一天应洗澡,保证身体的清洁度。 
 
5.抽血要空腹,因此检查前一天晚饭后不要再吃东西,保证在抽血前空腹8小时以上。
 
事实上,孕前检查是一次全面体检,胜于我们一生中大多数体检。通过孕前检查可以发现暂时不能孕育下一代的疾病,如传染性肝炎、结核病、性传播疾病、精神病等,必须经过治疗,待病情稳定后再在医生的指导下怀孕。
 
目前人类的遗传病有数千种,大部分还没有根治的办法。通过孕前体检可以及时发现夫妻或双方家族中患遗传病的情况,并根据患者的具体情况进行优生指导。
 
孕前检查和咨询对胎儿健康成长具有很重要的意义。孕前检查除可以发现一些明显的遗传病外,还可以通过检测血液,了解男女双方的血型能否匹配,以减少子代血液病的发生,以确保生一个健康、聪明的孩子。对那些健康状况、精神状态,及那些个人和家族具有不宜生育的先天性疾病、遗传病的夫妻,可以有暂缓生育或做“丁克家庭”的选择。

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