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男性孕检肾功能检查需要检查哪些项目?

发布日期:2024-06-22 10:07:15编辑:秩名


肾功能检查项目

衡量肾功能的变化和好坏,医学上常用尿液显微镜检查、化学检查、血液的某些化学检查等指标来进行,因此常用的肾功能检查项目主要是包括了以下11种项目测定,具体的参考值和临床意义可以参考以下数据。
 
1、 血尿素氮
 
参考值:正常情况:二乙酰-肟显色法 1.8~6.8mmol/L 尿素酶-钠氏显色法 3.2~6.1mmol/L。
 
临床意义:正常成人空腹时血尿素氮为3.2-7.1mmol/L(9-20mg/d1)。而患有肾小球肾炎、间质性肾炎、急慢性肾功能衰竭、肾内占位性和破坏性病变等情况的患者,尿素氮都是增高。
 
2、 血肌酐
 
参考值:正常情况成人男79.6~132.6μmol/L、女70.7~106.1μmol/L,小儿26.5~62.0μmol/L,全血88.4~159.1μmol/L。
 
临床意义:当血肌酐超过133umol/L时意味着肾脏出现损伤,已经肾功能不全、肾衰竭。
 
3、 血尿酸
 
参考值:正常情况成人男149~417μmol/L、女89~357μmol/L; >60岁男250~476μmol/L、女190~434μmol/L。
 
临床意义:当血尿酸超过390μmol/L,才可诊断为高尿酸血症。当血尿酸超过420μmol/L升时,高尿酸血症已十分明确,
 
4、尿肌酐
 
参考值:正常情况婴儿88~176μmmol•kg-1/d、儿童44~352μmol•kg-1/d;成人7~8mmol/d。
 
临床意义:当血肌酐高时说明患者的肾功能出现了问题,肾脏代谢废物的能力下降;尿肌酐偏低,肾脏也会发生病变。
 
5、尿蛋白
 
参考值:正常情况定性阴性
 
临床意义:正常人每日自尿中排出约40~80蛋白,上限不超过150mg。
 
6、选择性蛋白尿指数
 
参考值:正常情况SPI<0.1表示选择性好、SPI0.1~0.2表示选择性一般、SPI>0.2表示选择性差。
 
临床意义:当尿中排出大分子IgG的量少时,表示选择性好。相反,表示选择性差。
 
7、β2-微球蛋白清除试验
 
参考值:正常情况23~62μl/mi
 
临床意义: 增高时肾小管损害。
 
8、尿素清除率
 
参考值:正常情况标准清除值 0.7~1.1ml•s-1/1.73 m2 (0.39~0.63ml•s-1/m2),最大清除值 1.0~1.6ml•s-1/1.73 m2 (0.58~0.91ml•s-1/m2)。
 
临床意义:尿素清除率增加可体现在糖尿病肾病早期;降低,体现为急慢性肾功能衰竭、急慢性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、肾盂肾炎等。
 
9、血内生肌酐清除率
 
参考值:正常情况下成人血浆0.80~1.20ml•s-1/m2,尿液男0.45~1.32ml•s-1/m2、女0.85~1.29ml•s-1/m2,50岁以上每年下降0.006ml•s-1/m2。
 
临床意义:内生肌酐清除率降至0.5~0.6ml•s-l/m2(52~63ml/min/1.73 m2)时为肾小球滤过功能减退。同样,慢性肾炎肾病型者,由于肾小管基膜通透性增加,更多的内生肌酐从肾小管排出,其测得值也相应增高。
 
10、尿素氮/肌酐比值
 
参考值:正常情况12:1~20:1。
 
临床意义:增高会肾小球病变,降低则急性肾小管坏死。
 
11、酚红(酚磺太)排泄试验
 
参考值:正常情况:15min0.25~0.51(0.53)、30min0.13~0.24(0.17)、60min0.09~0.17(0.12)、120min0.03~0.10(0.06)、120min总量0.63~0.84(0.70)。
 
临床意义:肾小管功能损害0.50(50%)时,开始表现有PSP排泄率的下降。
 

肾功能检查项目查前准备

肾功能检查项目有一项是肾脏病人最常做的检查项目——尿常规检查,该项检查需要接受肾功能检查项目的人提前做好准备。
 
1、晨起留尿
 
尿常规检查前要空腹,不能喝水,也不能吃东西、吃药。要送检的尿液标本很重要,要求是要晨起留尿。晨尿是指早晨起床时第1次小便,尿液相对较浓,尿中的有形成分要比白天稀释的尿液为多,比较容易发现尿液的异常,也可避免饮食、饮水、运动等因素的影响。
 
2、一小时内送检
 
留取的尿液标本应在1小时内送检,以免因酸碱度的变化影响尿中的有形成分,如红、白细胞的破坏或皱缩变形等等。
 
3、留中段尿
 
最好留取中段尿做检查,以避免尿道口炎症、白带等物污染尿液影响检查结果。
 

知识普及:

 
做尿常规的肾功能检查项目,留尿有两种方法,一是12小时尿液留取,即留晚7-晨7时的小便,到晚上7时先将小便排尽弃去,然后将晚7时后的小便留置在容器内,一直留到次日晨7时尿为止。二是24小时尿液留取,即弃去起床时的尿(早晨7时),将7时以后的尿留置在容器内,一直留到次日晨起床7时尿为止。女性月经期一般不宜留取小便送检,以免经血混入小便,造成血尿的假象。
 

肾功能检查项目检查方法

肾功能检查项目包含有10多种的项目测定,但常用的检查方法其实算起来主要是有4种,包括内生肌酐清除率检查、血尿素氮和血肌酐测定、酚红(PSP)排泄试验、尿浓缩与稀释功能试验。
 
1、内生肌酐清除率检查
 
这在肾功能检查肾小球受损程度时比较常见,具体操作是:试验前和试验日低蛋白饮食三天,禁食肉类,避免剧烈运动。试验日早上8时排光尿,再于此后至次晨8时的24小时将尿液收入加入有甲苯防腐剂的洁净容器内在,留取的尿液标本应在1小时内送检。
 
2、血尿素氮和血肌酐测定
 
这是肾功能检查比较常用的检查方法之一,具体操作是:取静脉血1毫升,注入抗凝管内,充分混匀。正常的血尿素氮为9~20毫克/公升,血肌酐为1~2毫克/公升。各种严重的肾脏疾病引起肾功能不全时全增高。
 
3、酚红(PSP)排泄试验
 
这也是肾功能检查比较常用的检查方法,具体操作是:验前不能服用阿斯匹林、青霉素等药物。试验前及试验中应避免饮茶和咖啡等利尿饮料。试验前20分钟患者先去排尿,然后饮水300~400毫升,之后不再饮水。用1毫升注射器准确抽取0.6%酚红溶液1毫升由静脉注入。注射后于分别在15、30、60、120分钟收集尿液一次,分别收集于清洁标本瓶内,并及时送验。
 
4、 尿浓缩与稀释功能试验
 
具体操作是:实验日患者进行普通饮食。昼夜24小时内每隔三小时排尿一次,分别收集于清洁标本瓶内。
 

肾功能检查项目多少钱

快节奏的生活方式、愈加沉重的工作负担,加上各种高科技、化学成分的污染,肾病的发病率也越来越高。当大家感觉到肾脏不适时,及时到医院就诊很重要,如果担心费用问题,大家可以事先了解一下肾功能检查项目的大致费用。
 
肾功能检查项目的费用与检查项目、医院规模和所用器材等有直接的关系。
 
1、检查项目费用
 
经了解,一般情况下,肾功能检查项目主要有血肌酐、尿素氮、尿胆酸、尿常规检查这几种。其中血肌酐、尿素氮是直接主要反应肾功能的指标,尿胆酸是间接反应肾功能的指标,尿常规主要是看是否有尿蛋白、细胞管型等肾功能损害的现象。这四个检查项目的费用都不贵,加起来费用大概是100-200元。但如果有附加其他检查项目,如B超之类,价格又会有所不同,具体花费还是要看个人需要做到检查项目有哪些。
 
2、不同医院费用不同
 
肾功能检查项目费用与医院的规模、仪器设备、医疗水平、权威性有关。一般情况下三甲医院的费用会贵一些,二甲医院费用会便宜一些,但三甲医院的医疗设备相对会更先进齐全。如果有购买医保的朋友,肾功能检查项目的花费是可以用医保付款的。

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