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男性孕检肾功能检查需要检查哪些项目？

发布日期：2024-06-22 10:07:15编辑：秩名


肾功能检查项目

衡量肾功能的变化和好坏，医学上常用尿液显微镜检查、化学检查、血液的某些化学检查等指标来进行，因此常用的肾功能检查项目主要是包括了以下11种项目测定，具体的参考值和临床意义可以参考以下数据。
 
1、 血尿素氮
 
参考值：正常情况：二乙酰-肟显色法 1.8～6.8mmol/L 尿素酶-钠氏显色法 3.2～6.1mmol/L。
 
临床意义：正常成人空腹时血尿素氮为3．2-7.1mmol/L(9-20mg/d1)。而患有肾小球肾炎、间质性肾炎、急慢性肾功能衰竭、肾内占位性和破坏性病变等情况的患者，尿素氮都是增高。
 
2、 血肌酐
 
参考值：正常情况成人男79.6～132.6μmol/L、女70.7～106.1μmol/L，小儿26.5～62.0μmol/L，全血88.4～159.1μmol/L。
 
临床意义：当血肌酐超过133umol/L时意味着肾脏出现损伤，已经肾功能不全、肾衰竭。
 
3、 血尿酸
 
参考值：正常情况成人男149～417μmol/L、女89～357μmol/L； >60岁男250～476μmol/L、女190～434μmol/L。
 
临床意义：当血尿酸超过390μmol/L，才可诊断为高尿酸血症。当血尿酸超过420μmol/L升时，高尿酸血症已十分明确，
 
4、尿肌酐
 
参考值：正常情况婴儿88～176μmmol•kg-1/d、儿童44～352μmol•kg-1/d；成人7～8mmol/d。
 
临床意义：当血肌酐高时说明患者的肾功能出现了问题，肾脏代谢废物的能力下降；尿肌酐偏低，肾脏也会发生病变。
 
5、尿蛋白
 
参考值：正常情况定性阴性
 
临床意义：正常人每日自尿中排出约40～80蛋白，上限不超过150mg。
 
6、选择性蛋白尿指数
 
参考值：正常情况SPI<0.1表示选择性好、SPI0.1～0.2表示选择性一般、SPI>0.2表示选择性差。
 
临床意义：当尿中排出大分子IgG的量少时，表示选择性好。相反，表示选择性差。
 
7、β2-微球蛋白清除试验
 
参考值：正常情况23～62μl/mi
 
临床意义： 增高时肾小管损害。
 
8、尿素清除率
 
参考值：正常情况标准清除值 0.7～1.1ml•s-1/1.73 m2 (0.39～0.63ml•s-1/m2)，最大清除值 1.0～1.6ml•s-1/1.73 m2 (0.58～0.91ml•s-1/m2)。
 
临床意义：尿素清除率增加可体现在糖尿病肾病早期；降低，体现为急慢性肾功能衰竭、急慢性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、肾盂肾炎等。
 
9、血内生肌酐清除率
 
参考值：正常情况下成人血浆0.80～1.20ml•s-1/m2，尿液男0.45～1.32ml•s-1/m2、女0.85～1.29ml•s-1/m2，50岁以上每年下降0.006ml•s-1/m2。
 
临床意义：内生肌酐清除率降至0.5～0.6ml•s-l/m2(52～63ml/min/1.73 m2)时为肾小球滤过功能减退。同样，慢性肾炎肾病型者，由于肾小管基膜通透性增加，更多的内生肌酐从肾小管排出，其测得值也相应增高。
 
10、尿素氮/肌酐比值
 
参考值：正常情况12:1～20:1。
 
临床意义：增高会肾小球病变，降低则急性肾小管坏死。
 
11、酚红(酚磺太)排泄试验
 
参考值：正常情况：15min0.25～0.51(0.53)、30min0.13～0.24(0.17)、60min0.09～0.17(0.12)、120min0.03～0.10(0.06)、120min总量0.63～0.84(0.70)。
 
临床意义：肾小管功能损害0.50(50%)时，开始表现有PSP排泄率的下降。
 

肾功能检查项目查前准备

肾功能检查项目有一项是肾脏病人最常做的检查项目——尿常规检查，该项检查需要接受肾功能检查项目的人提前做好准备。
 
1、晨起留尿
 
尿常规检查前要空腹，不能喝水，也不能吃东西、吃药。要送检的尿液标本很重要，要求是要晨起留尿。晨尿是指早晨起床时第1次小便，尿液相对较浓，尿中的有形成分要比白天稀释的尿液为多，比较容易发现尿液的异常，也可避免饮食、饮水、运动等因素的影响。
 
2、一小时内送检
 
留取的尿液标本应在1小时内送检，以免因酸碱度的变化影响尿中的有形成分，如红、白细胞的破坏或皱缩变形等等。
 
3、留中段尿
 
最好留取中段尿做检查，以避免尿道口炎症、白带等物污染尿液影响检查结果。
 

知识普及：

 
做尿常规的肾功能检查项目，留尿有两种方法，一是12小时尿液留取，即留晚7-晨7时的小便，到晚上7时先将小便排尽弃去，然后将晚7时后的小便留置在容器内，一直留到次日晨7时尿为止。二是24小时尿液留取，即弃去起床时的尿（早晨7时），将7时以后的尿留置在容器内，一直留到次日晨起床7时尿为止。女性月经期一般不宜留取小便送检，以免经血混入小便，造成血尿的假象。
 

肾功能检查项目检查方法

肾功能检查项目包含有10多种的项目测定，但常用的检查方法其实算起来主要是有4种，包括内生肌酐清除率检查、血尿素氮和血肌酐测定、酚红(PSP)排泄试验、尿浓缩与稀释功能试验。
 
1、内生肌酐清除率检查
 
这在肾功能检查肾小球受损程度时比较常见，具体操作是：试验前和试验日低蛋白饮食三天，禁食肉类，避免剧烈运动。试验日早上8时排光尿，再于此后至次晨8时的24小时将尿液收入加入有甲苯防腐剂的洁净容器内在，留取的尿液标本应在1小时内送检。
 
2、血尿素氮和血肌酐测定
 
这是肾功能检查比较常用的检查方法之一，具体操作是：取静脉血1毫升，注入抗凝管内，充分混匀。正常的血尿素氮为9~20毫克/公升，血肌酐为1~2毫克/公升。各种严重的肾脏疾病引起肾功能不全时全增高。
 
3、酚红(PSP)排泄试验
 
这也是肾功能检查比较常用的检查方法，具体操作是：验前不能服用阿斯匹林、青霉素等药物。试验前及试验中应避免饮茶和咖啡等利尿饮料。试验前20分钟患者先去排尿，然后饮水300~400毫升，之后不再饮水。用1毫升注射器准确抽取0.6%酚红溶液1毫升由静脉注入。注射后于分别在15、30、60、120分钟收集尿液一次，分别收集于清洁标本瓶内，并及时送验。
 
4、 尿浓缩与稀释功能试验
 
具体操作是：实验日患者进行普通饮食。昼夜24小时内每隔三小时排尿一次，分别收集于清洁标本瓶内。
 

肾功能检查项目多少钱

快节奏的生活方式、愈加沉重的工作负担，加上各种高科技、化学成分的污染，肾病的发病率也越来越高。当大家感觉到肾脏不适时，及时到医院就诊很重要，如果担心费用问题，大家可以事先了解一下肾功能检查项目的大致费用。
 
肾功能检查项目的费用与检查项目、医院规模和所用器材等有直接的关系。
 
1、检查项目费用
 
经了解，一般情况下，肾功能检查项目主要有血肌酐、尿素氮、尿胆酸、尿常规检查这几种。其中血肌酐、尿素氮是直接主要反应肾功能的指标，尿胆酸是间接反应肾功能的指标，尿常规主要是看是否有尿蛋白、细胞管型等肾功能损害的现象。这四个检查项目的费用都不贵，加起来费用大概是100-200元。但如果有附加其他检查项目，如B超之类，价格又会有所不同，具体花费还是要看个人需要做到检查项目有哪些。
 
2、不同医院费用不同
 
肾功能检查项目费用与医院的规模、仪器设备、医疗水平、权威性有关。一般情况下三甲医院的费用会贵一些，二甲医院费用会便宜一些，但三甲医院的医疗设备相对会更先进齐全。如果有购买医保的朋友，肾功能检查项目的花费是可以用医保付款的。

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