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小学三年级是“分水岭”,要想孩子不掉队,小学一二年级很关键

发布日期:2024-08-22 03:04:42编辑:网络收集

自从女儿上了小学,就经常听身边高年级的家长说“一二年级不相上下,三四年级两极分化,五六年级天上地下”。

意思是小学一二年级,孩子们成绩都差不多;到了三四年级,个体差异开始显现,优秀生崭露,部分学生学习开始下滑;五六年级时,差距进一步拉大,优秀与落后学生成绩分明。

一开始听到这些话的时候,我还不以为意,甚至觉得是高年级的家长危言耸听,制造焦虑。

然而,随着女儿逐渐升至三年级下学期,我深刻体会到了这一说法的合理性和真实性。因为这恰恰符合了小学阶段学生成长的正常规律。

①一二年级:习惯是地基

孩子成绩为啥不相上下?

家有一二年级孩子的父母都知道,班里90%以上的孩子都能考90分,甚至95分以上,剩下几个考不好的,也能考八九十分,大家的成绩真的是不相上下。

之所以出现这种现象,其实原因很简单,因为这个阶段的孩子,所学内容简单,多为拼音和基础数学运算,更何况很多孩子在幼儿园就已学过。即使不认真学习,也能依靠已有的基础取得不错成绩。

给小学一二年级家长的养育重点建议:

著名教育家叶圣陶先生曾经说过:“教育就是培养习惯。”

一项针对“小学生学习习惯与学业成绩关系”的研究表明:一二年级时期形成的良好学习习惯,如按时完成作业、课前预习、课后复习等,能够显著提高学生的学业成绩,并有助于他们在高年级时保持优秀的学业表现。

良好的学习习惯,不仅有助于提高孩子们的学习效率,还有助于培养他们的学习兴趣和自信心。

所以,作为一二年级孩子的家长,养育的重点应该放在各种良好习惯的培养上。

此外,小学低年级的学生正处于身心发展的关键时期,此时的他们好奇心旺盛,对周围的世界充满探索欲望。

所以,家长的养育重点,还应放在激发他们的好奇心和求知欲上,从而促进他们自主学习和探究的能力提升。

②三四年级:学习能力是钢筋骨架

孩子成绩为何两极分化?

女儿三年级第一次期末考试,我便发现了这个现象,很多之前跟女儿成绩差不多的孩子,成绩忽然就降下去了,尤其是数学成绩,很多原来能考将近满分的,甚至考不及格了。

为什么会这样呢?经过一段时间的观察,我发现这一现象的出现并非偶然,而是由多种因素共同作用的结果。

首先,三四年级无论是学习内容,还是难度,考察的知识点,都比一二年级有所提高。有的孩子学习能力、逻辑思维能力强,自然就学得快,理解得好,成绩自然就上去了;反之,成绩就会下滑。

其次,就是咱前面说的一二年级养的习惯了,有些家长懂得一二年级的教育重点,重视孩子各项习惯的培养。这些好习惯到了三四年级就发挥作用了,而那些习惯不太好的孩子,可能就要在这方面吃点亏了。

最后,孔老夫子曾说过“因材施教”,意思是每个孩子都有自己的优缺点,教育者应该根据学生的实际情况进行有针对性的教育。然而,在三四年级这个阶段,由于教学内容和难度的变化,教育者往往很难照顾到每个孩子的需求,这在一定程度上加剧了学生之间的成绩分化。

给小学三四年级家长的养育重点建议:

加州大学实验心理学博士洪兰在其著作《自主学习、决定未来》中指出:小学三四年级,是孩子从依赖外部指导到逐渐自主学习的转变期,家长应该利用这个时期培养孩子的自主学习习惯。

小学三四年级孩子们若想更好的理解、吸收相对较难,较复杂的知识,就得学会自己独立思考和解决问题。

自主学习能力就像一把钥匙,拥有这把钥匙的孩子,便能够更快速、更深入地理解和掌握各学科的知识,提高学习效率。

比如,孩子课前预习,遇到不懂的问题时,便会尝试自己查找资料解决,而不是等待老师或家长的解答。

所以,作为三四年级孩子的家长,我们养育孩子的重点,应该放在培养孩子的自主学习能力上,当然,同时还得进一步巩固一二年级孩子,还未完全养成的各种良好学习习惯。

③ 五六年级:自主学习能力是核心驱动力

孩子成绩为何天上地下?

其实写到这里,相信很多家长,也都明白了小学五六年级的孩子,成绩为何会出现天上地下的现象?

因为对于那些在一二年级养成了良好学习习惯,三四年级养成了自主学习能力的孩子来说,到了五六年级,成绩自然会一路上升,成为班里的尖子生。反之,成绩自然就逐渐跌成了班里的倒数。

当然,还有就是上文提到的因材施教的问题,如果孩子一直找不到适合自己的学习方法和路径,就会因为屡屡受挫,而逐渐失去学习的动力,成绩则很容易一差再差!

给小学五六年级家长的养育重点建议:

教育部发布的《中国义务教育质量监测报告》指出:五六年级学生的学习压力逐渐增大,但同时他们的学习兴趣和动力,也是影响学业成绩的关键因素。

孩子进入五六年级后,竞争意识逐渐增强。学习上,他们希望自己的成绩能更好一些,能得到老师更多的关注;生活中,他们渴望得到父母和他人的认可,希望自己的能力能比其他孩子强一些。

所以,作为家长,这阶段,我们的养育重点除了继续培养孩子的自主学习能力,还要关注孩子的心理和品德等方面的养育。

学习上,要继续培养孩子的自主学习能力,协助孩子制定和调整学习计划,帮助孩子学会如何合理安排时间,确保每项学习任务都能得到充分的重视和完成。

心理上,要关心孩子的情绪变化,及时给予情感支持,帮助他们建立自信心。品德上,要注重培养孩子的道德品质和行为习惯,让他们成为诚实、善良、尊重他人的人。

俗话说“万丈高楼平地起”,对于孩子长达十几年的学习生涯来说,小学阶段无疑是奠定基础的黄金时期。而在这其中,小学一二年级便是给这座高楼打地基的阶段。

作为家长,如果我们错失了这一阶段的关键期培养,孩子的学业大楼,则很可能会因为地基不稳而难以建高,更难以稳固。

因此,为人父母者,务必要明确每个养育阶段的重点,并为之付出努力。在日常生活中,我们可以少刷一会儿手机,多阅读一些优质的家庭教育书籍,以此来提升自己的家庭教育知识储备。这样,我们才能更好地为孩子的学习助力,为他们的未来成长提供坚实的支持。

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