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孕前优生健康检查项目有哪些

发布日期：2024-09-16 11:46:02编辑：胖虎爱撩妹

　　要想生一个健康的宝宝，孕前检查非常重要。孕前检查不同于常规体检，主要是针对生殖系统和遗传因素所做的检查。孕前检查最好在怀孕前3~6个月做。夫妻双方都要做相关项目的检查
 
　　下面，我们就来看看如何做好孕前检查。
 
　　孕前检查的内容
 
　　一、空腹抽血化验
 
　　1、TORCH检查
 
　　子宫内感染是影响胎儿生长发育的重要因素，目前已知的主要病原体有：弓形虫(T)、风疹病毒(R)、巨细胞病毒(C)、单纯疱疹病毒(H)以及 其他病毒(O)，如人乳头状病毒等。这一组病原体感染称为TORCH病群。医学研究证实，准妈妈如果感染了上述任何病原体，均有可能在怀孕的过程中感染胎 儿，导致流产、死胎、畸形、先天智力低下等症状。孕前如果查出在病毒的感染期，不能怀孕，需要过8~12周，感染自愈后或者不再有传染性时再怀孕。病毒的 抗体IgG阳性，一般表示远期曾经感染过，不用治疗。如果病毒抗体IgM，表示2~8周前感染相应病毒，处于恢复期，需要转阴后再怀孕。
 
　　2、血常规(血型)检查
 
　　血常规检查可以及早发现贫血、白血病、血小板减少等血液系统疾病。如果发现问题，需要在治疗后，经医生同意再怀孕。
 
　　3、乙肝病毒、肝肾功能检查
 
　　肝肾功能正常者，才能经受怀孕的过程。如果母亲是病毒性肝炎患者，没有及时发现，怀孕后会造成非常严重的后果：早产，甚至新生儿死亡。肝炎病毒 还可垂直传播给孩子。孕前检查如果出现大三阳及肝功能异常，应暂时避免怀孕而进行治疗。若为乙肝小三阳，应进一步定量检测乙肝病毒DNA，判断其传染性， 对于乙肝DNA检测阴性者可以怀孕，孕期及新生儿娩出后24小时内肌注乙肝高效免疫球蛋白，防止新生儿感染上乙肝病毒。
 
　　4、性病方面(梅毒、艾滋病毒检查)
 
　　进行实验室的特定艾滋病、梅毒检查项目，不要认为这项检查对你们没用，最好检查一下，以防万一。尤其目前艾滋病从高危人群向正常人群扩散，一定要提高警惕，以免影响孕妇和胎儿的健康。
 
　　二、胸片、心电图检查
 
　　胸片可以诊断出结核病等肺部疾病，结核病人治愈后才能怀孕。心电图可以发现心律异常、心肌缺血等。
 
　　三、妇科检查
 
　　孕前最好做一次妇科检查。因为一些病原微生物如淋球菌、梅毒螺旋体、沙眼衣原体等，也可引起胎儿宫内感染，影响胎儿的正常发育。如果发现上述致 病微生物感染，应推迟受孕时间，并进行积极治疗。如果孕前患有霉菌性或滴虫性阴道炎，最好是治愈后再怀孕。此外，还应该在孕前做一次B超检查，了解子宫及 其附件的情况。
 
　　特别提示：育龄期妇女应该每年检查宫颈防癌的TCT检查，如果有癌前病变，应及早治疗。
 
　　TIPS 妇科特殊人群
 
　　1、女性输卵管不通
 
　　输卵管是受孕的重要生殖器官。精子和卵子在这里相遇，形成受精卵。计划怀孕一年而未孕的人群，可以做输卵管通畅实验，了解不孕的原因。
 
　　2、子宫肌瘤
 
　　子宫肌瘤一般不影响受孕，若位于子宫粘膜下，可能影响怀孕，可以先手术剔除子宫肌瘤，1年后再怀孕。怀孕合并子宫肌瘤，可能引起早产或流产，怀 孕后由于体内激素的变化，子宫肌瘤很有可能会突然增大，肌瘤可能发生红色变性，尽管是一种良性病变，但会引起腹痛、发烧、局部压痛等临床症状，需要及时就 诊。
 
　　3、月经不规律
 
　　月经不规律者，应告诉医生，帮助分析排卵日期，必要时检查妇科内分泌六项。
 
　　四、口腔检查
 
　　如果孕期牙痛，就必须要考虑到治疗用药对胎儿的影响，治疗很棘手。因此，最好再孕前就对牙周病、龋齿和阻生智齿进行治疗，对牙有残根、残冠及时处理。
　　五、尿常规检查
 
　　有助于肾脏疾患的早期诊断。
 
　　六、染色体检测
 
　　染色体检查只针对反复流产、家族有遗传疾病的人群。
 
　　上述六项检查，只是考虑妇女的身体健康原因的常规检查，如果单位每年体检，可以带体检表给医生，做一些必要的妇科检查、宫颈TCT、抽血查TORCH系列即可。一年之内作过B超检查的，临床妇科检查未见异常，不用B超检查。
 
　　七、内外科疾患：
 
　　1、高血压
 
　　患有高血压病的妇女是否可以怀孕，要根据患者病情的严重程度而定。
 
　　(1)高血压病，没有累及心脏和血管病变，可以在专家指导下降压治疗，然后怀孕。孕期加强监护、检查。到妊娠晚期(5个月以后)血压又渐升高，需要严密监测。
 
　　(2)高血压病，累及心脏和血管病变，眼底有血管明显痉挛或硬化的高血压患者，建议不怀孕。因为孕后血压疾病加重，常常需要引产，胎儿宫内发育不良。
 
　　2、糖尿病
 
　　孕妇患糖尿病，会引起流产、早产、妊娠中毒症、羊水过多症和胎儿巨大等。所以，有糖尿病家族史的妇女妊娠前，应该到内科诊断，用胰岛素控制血糖，再怀孕。
 
　　3、肾病
 
　　(1)有肾脏疾病时，不能怀孕。治疗已经基本痊愈者，尿化验正常，肾功正常，血压稳定，才能与医生商议妊娠。
 
　　(2)如果患有慢性肾炎并伴有高血压，或蛋白尿“++”以上，不仅怀孕后容易造成胎儿死亡，而且会更加重肾脏功能的损害，危害孕妇的生命。
 
　　4、肝脏病
 
　　对于迁延型慢性肝炎，如病情轻微、肝功能正常，病人年轻，体质又好，经过适当治疗，也可以妊娠。但在妊娠后，应坚持高蛋白饮食和充分休息，加强孕期监护。
 
　　5、心脏病
 
　　心脏病人必需严密治疗，心功能在1级或2级，在专科医生评价后怀孕，阵发性室上性心动过速，发作时造成大脑及心脏供血不足影响孕妇生命。
 
　　6、痔疮
 
　　女性由于妊娠，肌体分泌的激素易使血管壁的平滑肌松驰，增大的子宫压迫腹腔的血管，这样会使怀孕的妇女原有的痔疮严重或出现新的痔疮。因此如果原来有痔疮的女性，在怀孕前应积极治疗痔疮。
 
　　TIPS 为什么在孕前达到标准体重很重要?
 
　　体重指数为体重(千克)除以身高的平方(米2)，正常值为18~24，如体重60千克，身高1.6米，体重指数=60÷(1.6×1.6)。简 单算法：理想体重(千克)=本人身高-105(厘米)。要保持理想体重，必须注意膳食营养素平衡，要加强运动和锻炼。体重大大超过理想值，孕期可能发生高 血压、糖尿病，对孕妇和胎儿发生不良影响。体重太瘦，胎儿容易宫内发育迟缓。
 
　　TIPS 男士孕前保健内容
 
　　1、精子检查：活动力、数目、有无细菌。保持健康的精子，需要锻炼身体，减少烟酒，进食含维生素E和各种微量元素的水果、蔬菜，有助于抵御破坏精子的病菌。规律的、卫生的性生活，口服补充微量元素，减少洗桑拿蒸浴、穿紧身裤及长时间开车等使睾丸局部增热的方法。
 
　　2、外生殖器：有无静脉曲张、包皮过长等，给予相应治疗。
 
　　以上就是关于孕前优生健康检查项目有哪些的介绍，人们往往有一个误区，认为只有准妈妈做检查就行，准爸爸就不用了，殊不知，无精子症等疾病自身并不一定有不适感觉。众所周知，健康宝宝首先必须是健康的精子和卵子结合的结晶。因此男士孕前检查和女士一样重要。

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