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孩子会说话,但不会主动说话,家长怎么做?

发布日期:2024-08-20 03:27:33编辑:网络收集

在谱系孩子的教育上,语言是一个我们绕不开的话题。

很多谱系孩子在语言沟通方面都有一定的困难,而反过来,语言问题也是影响这些孩子社交的主要原因之一。

其实,大部分自闭症孩子的语言都是训练出来的,早期都是从仿说,或者被动说话开始练习,因而主动语言很少。

有一些孩子虽然认知识理解能力已经提升了很多,但主动语言并不多。那么我们如何锻炼孩子主动语言的能力呢?

语言训练的重要性

一般来说,一个孩子从有语言到会说话最少需要1-2年的发展期。在这期间,语言训练是很有必要的。

因为谱系孩子很多时候不善与人交往,即使是交往也是“被动交流”多一些。

如果一个孩子长期处于这种“说话就像挤牙膏”的状态,也会影响到他们认知理解能力的发展,毕竟孩子将来的社交与学业技能的培养都需要语言。

语言训练分4步

家长在家庭中可以用以下几种方法来提升孩子的语言能力:

01

由听到说

这个过程是听觉神经将信息传输到大脑语言区,再到语言输出。

这里就需要家长足够了解孩子,知道他们平时喜欢听什么声音。比如,儿歌、有韵律的短诗、有趣的绘本故事都非常适合语言训练,只要孩子喜欢听就可以。

坚持一段时间每天集中练习,让孩子选择自己喜欢的,因为只有喜欢才会有动机去记忆,孩子自己才会去说、去唱他喜欢的故事或歌曲。

这个环节的训练,在孩子还没有语言就可以开始练习听。家长也可以在生活中多跟孩子说话,培养他的语感和对语言的反应。

这里要提醒家长的是,如果您平时在家说的是方言,跟孩子讲话时又用普通话,建议全家都使用一种固定的语言,这样更加利于孩子的语言发展。

02

由看到说

这个过程是视觉神经将信息传到大脑语言区后输出语言。

这个阶段的训练需要“说出来”,首先就是孩子能认识一样物品,才能说出对应的名称。

我们在家训练时,可以把孩子已经认识的卡片和对应的实物拿出来,让孩子看到就说(不用问“这是什么?”),孩子正确命名之后及时给予强化。

练习的时候,只要是孩子认识的东西就可以,提高孩子的反应力,每天频繁练习,以后孩子看到东西就会脱口而出了。

这个环节的训练在孩子会命名后就可以开始进行。

这个训练也能有效提升孩子对事物的认知理解能力,完成由卡片到实物的泛化,再逐渐泛化到认识物体的不同形态,理解物品不同的功能。

03

由想到说

这个过程需要孩子在上一阶段过后,对事物有整体的认知,并且要调动大脑的记忆功能,然后说出来。

对于谱系的孩子来说,想象是比较困难的项目,所以我们可以多变换提问的方式,加入一些记忆训练开始练习。

如:问孩子“动物园里有什么?”“超市有什么吃的?”“水果店有什么水果”“哪里有香蕉卖?”等等。

针对这个训练,家里的许多东西都可以拿来使用,比如喝水的杯子、小零食、水果等等,目的是利用孩子已经熟悉的物品来促进孩子思维的灵活性,不会停留在对事物的单一认知上。

04

训练孩子的主动语言

在这个环节的训练中,我们可以让孩子把桌子上或地上的卡片、实物拿给你,每次只能拿一个,每次孩子拿给你的时候必须说:“妈妈给你香蕉”。

如果孩子还不能说这么长的句子,就将我们的语言简单化,可以让孩子说:“妈妈,香蕉”。

刚开始孩子不会说的时候,多辅助几次孩子就会了。比如,孩子不开口说,我们就不接过他给的东西,但这时可以用眼神或动作提示他说,最好不用语言提示。

练习多了,孩子在平时和你交往的时候,或者有需求的时候就会主动说出来了。

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