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利用自闭症孩子“视觉习惯”,原来进步可以如此之快!

发布日期:2024-08-20 03:16:38编辑:网络收集

很多自闭症孩子的家长反映,一些寻常的干预训练,对孩子起到的康复效果甚微,让他们很是着急。其实,绝大部分的自闭症患者都是习惯视觉学习的人,很多时候,他们更容易倾向记住看到的事物,而不是听到的事物。

因此,家长如果发现孩子康复效果有所停滞,就可以考虑下将训练侧重到视觉上来,用照片、图画、表格、符号等形象具体的工具辅助互动,提升训练效果。

图片来源:网络

视觉训练五大优点

1、缓解焦虑

即使作为一个正常的成年人,也希望能知道今天、明天甚至往后更久大概会发生生么事情,以便在心里做好预防对策,减缓焦虑感。

自闭症儿童同样有这样的心理,他们很难记住大人们的话,不知道家长今天要带他们去哪儿,从而产生抗拒、焦躁的行为。如果使用视觉辅助,比如一张时间表,帮助孩子时刻记起接下来要做什么,会大大减少问题行为的发生。

2、训练表达能力

口语交流困难是绝大多数自闭症儿童最主要的表现特征,也许孩子听懂了父母的话语,并且想做出回应,但交流上的困难让他们无法与父母互动,这会让他们变得失望、烦闷甚至生气。此时,家长可以训练孩子的视觉语言作为交流的补充支持,完善他们的表达能力。

3、训练时间观

时间概念模糊是自闭症儿童又一大病症表现,他们很难理解时间和秩序这类很抽象的词汇,比如之前、后来、首先、四季等等。视觉语言则可以很好的化解这样的尴尬,用时间表来标注日期,用太阳月亮表示白天和晚上,用绿草落叶表示四季,化抽象为具体,帮助孩子更好更快的理解时间观念。

4、提高独立性,减少依赖感

视觉时间表不仅可以给予孩子在日程安排上的一些自主权,提高他们的控制感和独立性,还可以给孩子适当的提示,减少父母的口头训练,降低孩子生活上对大人的依赖感。

5、简单有效

研究表明,视觉时间表和视觉辅助,是对自闭症儿童最有效简单的干预工具之一,因为比起听到的语言,眼睛看到的事物更容易在大脑形成回应。

如何做一个视觉时间表?

首先,将一天或者一个事件活动划分为几个阶段,给每个阶段命名。

然后,根据孩子目前的认知水平选择一些常见的图片、物品,作为视觉符号。

接着,为活动或每一天的安排选择合适的图片符号,放进一个时间表。

最后,在将时间表呈现给孩子之前,要从头到尾看一遍,确保一切都清清楚楚、井然有序,没有任何遗漏。

需要注意的事项:

自闭症孩子使用视觉时间表能减轻压力,甚至对能力水平较高的孩子也有效。然而,一个有效的时间表不只是将图片顺序排列出来而已。

1、一定要了解孩子理解事物的能力级别,照片、图画、文字、表格等等,哪些是他最容易接受和理解的,有些孩子可能对拍摄的动物图片看得懂,换成画上去的则不明白了。

2、视觉训练的内容大概要多少?以时间表为例,每个表上的项目或者活动在3-6个为宜。

几个简易的视觉训练小游戏

1、配对游戏

如果孩子对形状、颜色等概念有了一定的理解,家长可以用配对的方式训练他们这方面的能力。开始可先准备2~3组不同颜色或形状的图卡及小玩具,让孩子把相同颜色或相同形状的放在一起。等孩子熟练掌握规则后,再逐渐升级到同时结合颜色、形状两样元素进行配对。

2、分类游戏

自闭症孩子不能清楚的认识每一件物品,但或多或少有一些分类的概念,可以先从大类别开始划分,比如水果、生活用品,然后升级到具体某一类的划分,比如衣服里的褂子、裤子、袜子等等。

3、找出异同

这种找异同游戏当然是比较简单的那一种。家长可以给两个相同的娃娃穿上相同款式的衣服,然后在颜色、大小上有所区分,引导孩子一个一个发现两个娃娃身上的不同之处。

4、运用图字卡

图字卡是孩子视觉启蒙的重要工具之一。它有两个好处,一是涵盖的内容比较多,文字、实物、符号甚至是表情、时间等都可以表示,二是携带方便,父母拿在身上,可以随时与孩子进行游戏互动。

运用好以上视觉训练小方法,可以帮助自闭症孩子有效提升康复效果!

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