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怎么判断是不是水痘 如何判断是否得了水痘

发布日期:2022-05-15 14:12:20编辑:森林

水痘是种传染性皮肤疾病,多见于儿童群体之间,虽然水痘也有其明显的症状特点,但是其中一些症状也是和一些其它疾病比较相似的,因此不少家长都不知道如何判断孩子是否患上的是水痘。那么,怎么判断是不是水痘呢?下面就让我们来看看如何判断是否得了水痘吧!
怎么判断是不是水痘 如何判断是否得了水痘
怎么判断是不是水痘
1、出现食欲不振、发热的症状:一般在水痘病发之前,孩子都会表现出与平常不一样的表现,比如食欲不振,浑身无力等。因为水痘毕竟是由病毒感染引起的一种疾病,因此在抵抗力弱的孩子身上就会显示出来患病时的病态。而大多数的孩子在感染病毒的当晚就会出现发热的症状,这时候家长就可以根据孩子去过的地方或者见面的人是否患有水痘,去判断孩子的症状是否被感染了。
 
2、身体上出现红色的小点:水痘的初期形态,就像是被蚊子叮咬后出现的红点一样。如果家长不注意的话,几乎都会判断错误。可是,水痘的发展的速度是很快的,几个小时之内就可能长满全身,之后还会变成红豆大小的水泡,并且还会有严重的瘙痒。但这个时候,家长应该注意不要让小孩抓破水泡,以免引起其他的并发症的出现,也会留下疤痕。
 
3、全身性症状:小孩出水痘的初期,首先是身体主干部位会出现相关反应,长痘瘙痒等,然后才逐渐长到头面部、手臂、腿上。但这些出水痘的症状,主要还是分布在身体主干位置,面部、手臂、腿上出现的症状往往要少一些。另外,口腔、眼部、头部等也有可能出现感染水痘的症状,并且有强烈的疼。
 
4、具有传染:水痘具有一定的传染性,如果是两个孩子在一起,一个孩子发烧了,另一个孩子,用不了两天也发烧了,这也有可能是水痘的一种表现。另一方面,在水痘初期,孩子的皮肤表面会有一些红,还可能会有刺痒的感觉。如果是患上水痘的婴幼儿,在发烧的同时还会出现抓挠皮肤的情况,这也可能是水痘的症状。在这个时候我们需要及时的带孩子去医院检查,检查排查是否患有水痘的可能性。
怎么判断是不是水痘 如何判断是否得了水痘
如何判断是否得了水痘
想要判断是否得了水痘可以通过目测及医疗筛查判定。正常情况下,孩子突然出现发烧、乏力等症状,后于数小时至2天左右体表开始陆续出现红色小点样皮疹,水痘的皮疹可出现在皮肤及粘膜,呈向心性分布,躯干部及头面部多,四肢比较少。疾病初期皮疹首先为斑丘疹,随着病情进展,皮疹的泡液逐渐增多形成疱疹,水痘的疱液比较澄清,疱壁比较薄,疱的顶端有凹陷,周围绕以红晕,呈分批出现的特点,往往病程中斑丘疹、疱疹及部分结痂皮疹有共同存在的情况。
 
水痘的皮疹伴有明显瘙痒,搔抓后容易出现皮肤感染,这些是水痘的主要特征,如患者有明确的水痘或带状疱疹患者接触史,疾病符合以上特点,基本则可初步认定为水痘。在医疗筛查方面判断水痘的方法有很多,例如血常规检查、血清抗体检测、病毒分离检查等都可进行水痘病理筛查:
 
1、血常规检查:血常规检查也叫血象检查,一般是化验外周血中血液细胞数量和质量。当宝宝的检查结果显示细胞总数正常或者是稍稍有点增高,说明儿童有可能出水痘。
 
2、血清抗体检测:检查血清抗体是为了知道儿童体液免疫功能的情况。检查血清抗体有三种方法。
 
(1)直接荧光抗体法检测:这种方法是查出儿童的皮肤组织中有没有免疫球蛋白或者是补体沉积。
 
(2)间接免疫荧光法:可以查出儿童的血清中有没有存在某种特异抗体或者是自身抗体,是早期诊断是敏感和快速的手段。
 
(3)补体结合试验测定:是在间接免疫荧光法的基础上发展起来的。如果宝宝出水痘在出诊后的第1—4天里血清中就会出现补体结合抗体,到了2—6周补体结合抗达到高峰,等到6—2个月后就会逐渐下降。
 
3、病毒分离检查:医生在儿童出水痘的3天内取出疱疹液做细胞培养,其病毒分离阳性率高,最后再用免疫荧光,酶联免疫吸咐试验及放射免疫等方法鉴定。当然也可取新鲜疱疹内液直接做电镜检查。这种方法简单、快速,而且没有副作用。
 
4、疱疹刮片或组织活检:具体的方法是刮取新鲜疱疹基底物用瑞氏或姬姆萨染色检查多核巨细胞,用酸性染色检查核内包涵体。
怎么判断是不是水痘 如何判断是否得了水痘
得了水痘怎么护理
1、及时隔离:水痘属于常见的传染性疾病之一,因此要注意及时隔离。由于水痘-带状疱疹病毒对于大部分人群普遍易感,尤其是老年人、小儿、孕妇等,所以要及时隔离患者直到水痘疱疹结痂脱落;
 
2、注意消毒:要做好生活环境的消毒措施,包括多通风保持室内空气清新、注意手卫生、及时清洗并晾晒水痘患者使用的毛巾、床单、被褥、内衣、内裤等。水痘患者的餐具要单独使用,然后及时清洗并煮沸消毒。同时还要加强对患者排泄物的管理,注意卫生间和马桶的消毒,比如使用稀释84进行卫生间地面和马桶的消毒等,消毒后及时开窗通风,以免引起消毒剂中毒;
 
3、调整饮食:水痘患者发病期间要注意调整饮食,不要吃海鲜以及辛辣刺激性的食物,比如辣椒、葱、姜、蒜等,多吃清淡的食物,比如米粥、稀面条等,也可以吃一些新鲜的蔬菜和水果,有利于病情的好转;
 
4、皮肤护理:由于水痘疱疹会导致患者出现明显的皮肤瘙痒症状,抓挠后可能会继发细菌感染,容易加重病情,因此要注意皮肤护理。可以遵医嘱使用氯雷他定或者阿昔洛韦乳膏,可起到止痒、抗病毒的作用。同时及时剪短指甲,避免挠破皮肤。
怎么判断是不是水痘 如何判断是否得了水痘
通过上文的介绍,相信大家已经了解怎么判断是不是水痘了。水痘首先是由水痘带状疱疹病毒感染导致的经呼吸道传染的一种自限性疾病,具有一定的潜伏期,潜伏期10~14天,病程一般2周左右。在发病前两天会出现发热、乏力、咽喉疼痛等上呼吸道感染的症状随后出现皮疹。在出疹期间,患者会瘙痒难耐,这个时候可以在医生指导下合理使用一些止痒药剂,谨防抓挠皮疹,因为水痘抓破后不仅容易留下痘坑还很可能造成更大范围的感染。

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