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宝宝1岁之内的异常情况情况,妈妈们注意了!

发布日期:2025-01-03 14:13:24编辑:佚名

别看宝宝的囟门不大,然而,在宝宝1岁之内,囟门是反映身体健康的一个重要窗口。妈咪若是对它了解得多一些,便可通过它透视到宝宝身体里,如有异常情况,即可尽快得知,从而让宝宝及早得到诊治。

正常宝宝囟门的发育规律

人的颅骨是由6块骨头组成的。宝宝出生后,由于颅骨尚未发育完全,所以骨与骨之间的相互衔接处存在着缝隙,并且,在宝宝头的顶部及枕后部形成两个没有骨头覆盖的区域,它们分别被称为前囟门和后囟门。

正常宝宝出生时,前囱门的大小约为1.5×2cm,外观看上去,前囟门平坦或稍稍有些凹陷。在出生后的数月里,前囟门会随着头围的逐渐增大而略微增大,然而,在宝宝6个月后,便由于颅骨逐渐发生骨化而渐渐变小。通常,到了宝宝1岁至1岁半时,前囟门就基本上闭合了;后囟门一般不太引人注意,大多在宝宝2-3个月时即可关闭。在宝宝1岁之内,通过观察囟门,可以发现多种疾病,因此,它们是透视宝宝身体健康的一个重要窗口。

宝宝囟门的异常情况

情况1 宝宝囟门鼓起来了

宝宝的前囟门原本是平的,如果突然之间鼓了起来,尤其在宝宝哭闹时更为明显,并且,用手摸上去有紧绷绷的感觉,同时婴儿发烧囟门鼓起,伴有发烧、呕吐,甚至出现抽风,则说明宝宝的颅内压力增高。通常,颅内压力增高是由于颅内感染所引起,宝宝可能是患了各种脑膜炎、脑炎等疾病。

如果宝宝的前囟门变得逐渐饱满,可能是颅内患有肿瘤,或是硬膜下有积液、积脓、积血等;长时间地服用大剂量的鱼肝油、维生素A或四环素,或因某种原因使用肾上腺素而又突然停药,也可使宝宝的前囟门出现饱满。然而,在停用维生素A及四环素后,前囟门还会变得逐渐平坦。

情况2 宝宝的囟门凹陷下去

主要见于宝宝的身体内缺了水。例如腹泻后没有及时补充水分,或是为了降低颅内压而使用了大剂量的脱水剂,从而使前囟门凹陷。需要指出的是,此时妈咪应该及时给宝宝补充水分,因为脱水过度会造成体内代谢紊乱。营养不良、消瘦的宝宝的前囟门,也会经常凹陷下去。

情况3 宝宝的囟门早闭或迟闭

囟门早闭时必须测量宝宝的头围,如果头围低于正常值,可能为脑发育不良。但有些身体正常的宝宝,在5-6个月时,前囟门也仅剩下指尖大小,似乎要关闭了。其实并未骨化婴儿发烧囟门鼓起,应请医生鉴别;囟门迟闭主要是指宝宝已经过了18个月,但前囟门还未关闭,多见于佝偻病、呆小病,仅有少数为脑积水或其它原因所致的颅内压增高,应去医院做进一步检查。

情况4 宝宝的囟门过大或过小

囟门过大一般是指宝宝出生后不久,前囟门就达到4-5厘米大小。囟门过大的可能,首先是宝宝存在先天性脑积水,其次,可能是先天性佝偻病所致。先天性脑积水的宝宝在出生时,经过产道时头颅受挤,因此,在刚出生时囟门并不大。但通常在出生后的几天,前囟门就会逐渐大了起来。而先天性佝偻病的宝宝不但前囟门大,而且后囟门也大,正中的一条骨缝(矢状缝)也较宽,可将前后两个囟门连通。

囟门过小主要是指囟门仅有手指尖大,很可能是存在头小畸形,也可能是颅骨早闭所造成。特别是矢状缝早闭,会使宝宝的头颅变长、变窄,形成被称为舟状畸形的头颅,即枕部突出、前额宽,前囟小或摸不到。

提示:

碰到宝宝囟门小时,要定期测量头围,即观察宝宝在满月前头围是否在正常范围内。此后,每个月或每两个月都应检查头围的增长速度,并与正常的宝宝做比较、观察。如果头围的发育在目前尚且正常,并在随访后的3-4个月还能继续保持,那么,即使囟门偏小一些,也不会影响大脑的发育。

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