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家长一定做好这些事,否则自闭症干预很难见效!

发布日期:2024-08-20 03:03:55编辑:网络收集

孤独症儿童的教育同其他儿童教育一样,家庭尤其是父母的作用是至关重要的。学校、社会教育不可能替代家庭教育,它需要家庭教育给予延续和巩固。

而对新手家长来说,一般都会走很多弯路,比如择校不明确、家庭支持不够、家长参与时间少、家长对孤独症方面的专业知识了解少、对孤独症的误解等等,导致耽误或影响了孩子的康复进程。

今天我们就来说说,一名合格的孤独症儿童家长应该做到哪些方面,才能帮助孩子更好地达到康复效果。

家长要掌握儿童发育常识

孤独症的早期诊断是相当困难的,而作为孩子的父母,早期发现应该并不困难。

只要具备一般儿童发育常识,多了解正常孩子的生长发育特点,记住孩子生长发育的每个关键期,当孩子出生后,关注孩子的每一次细微变化。

这里的每一次细微变化,不单指语言,还包括目光对视、态度、情绪、依恋、行为等,家长要保持高度警觉性,用简易家庭自测量表,如:克氏自闭症行为量表,法国孤独症儿童量表,对自己的孩子进行初步的筛选和诊断。

再寻求专家给予诊断和评估并列表进行记录,并与正常孩子的成长进度表进行对比,及时发现孩子的问题是不困难的。

如若发现孩子在发育过程中,出现一些异常点,如语言能力弱,且不能用一般的公共卫生知识或医学常识解释,正如美国一位精神医生说的:“如果您的孩子在说话方面的能力比别的孩子弱,首先要怀疑他是否可能患有孤独症。”

家长要积极行动

为孤独症孩子找一个专家进行专业评估,确认孩子的障碍程度并制定个别化教育计划。

障碍程度包括:障碍发生的时间,障碍发生的时间越早,其后果就越严重,预后就越不乐观;

障碍的原因:孤独症的致病因素是多种多样的,而某些因素引起的孤独症,如能及早发现和治疗,预后是相当可观的;

幼儿期的智能及语言能力:5-6岁具备一定语言能力和智力活动能力的儿童有较好的发展基础。

而不会说话或说话迟的有些孩子,却能学会书写和使用手势语,也可有更好的发展趋势。

依专家的评估,对孩子产生适当的期望,明确孩子现阶段适合哪种训练,并有针对性地为孩子选择合适的机构进行训练,而不是盲目跟从。

正确选择机构和老师

对孤独症儿童而言,选择一个好的训练机构很重要,但选择一个好老师更重要。

由于孩子的特殊性,孩子和老师在一起的时间很长,老师对孩子的影响是相当大的,所以为您的孩子选择一个好老师显得尤为重要。

一般将老师分为听语型和视动型,听语型老师能说会道,善言词;视动型老师较有耐心。

家长可根据孩子的需求选择适合的老师。

家长要对康复有正确的期待

一般认为,7岁以下落后正常儿童2年以下的孤独症儿童有希望上学;而7岁以上,落后正常儿童2—3年,则没有希望上学。

对于没有希望上学的孩子,侧重培养孩子建立更高的生活自理能力,从事简单的生活技能,规范孩子的行为,还有对性问题的处理。

而对于有希望上学的孩子,首先要确定他能坐得住,眼睛的专注力能持续一段时间,培养孩子的写字能力,语言能力及良好的行为规范。

而写字不只是体现在会写,会认上面,还要会应用。

语言方面则包括语言的表达和语言的理解,更重要的是有将语言转换成文字表达的能力。

不论是有希望上学的,还是对于没有希望上学的的孩子,良好的行为规范都是他们融入社会的先决条件!

家长要持有正确的心态和态度

确诊后,家长要做的是接受事实,争取时间,开始训练。以积极的态度和行动为孩子创造一个能促进他进步的环境。与其痛苦无奈,不如积极面对。

对孤独症的治疗,我们坚持的是早发现早训练的原则。孤独症儿童的训练开始得愈早效果越好,且最佳训练期是3-6岁。

因此,在确诊为孤独症或怀疑有孤独症倾向时,就要为孩子提供干预性的训练。

同时,面对孩子是孤独症这一事实,家长更应具备爱心、细心、警觉心、责任心,投入更多的时间和精力去关爱孩子。

家长应有意识对孩子进行行为规范

● 注重培养正确的行为

● 注重对正确行为的奖励

● 忽略不正确的行为的原则

在对孩子进行训练时,应坚持持之以恒,坚持情景性,将训练贯穿于生活之中。

积极的告诉孩子应该怎样做,而不是告诉他们不该怎么做,不要因为心存内疚,就一味觉宠溺,饭来张口,衣来伸手。

● 理解机构和老师

如小孩子调皮是正常的,偶尔摔伤、擦破皮是可以理解的。而有些家长却因为孩子的一点点皮外伤就与老师大动干戈,怒目相对。我们能理解父母对孩子的爱,但是这样做,对孩子本身来说并没有什么帮助,反而会让孩子失去一个体验生活的机会。

家长与老师,为孩子的事情闹得不开心,其实受损的是孩子。因为这些孩子的特殊性,除了与家长在一起的时间,他们的大部分时间都是和老师在一起。而老师的一言一行、喜怒哀乐都和学生有着密切的关系。

家长要掌握孤独症方面专业知识

由于,目前的经济发展水平,医疗水平和教育理论(训练)水平的局限,以及孤独症的康复训练还没有形成健全的体系,各种训练手段和知识理论也百家争鸣。

为了寻找一套适合自己孩子的训练方法,家长更应该具备专业的理论知识,了解孤独症的一般特点和自己孩子的特点。

掌握孤独症训练的操作技巧和理论知识。定期为孩子做康复评估,时刻参与孩子的成长,为了孩子的未来,再学一门专业。

加强家校合作

在干预训练的过程中,家长要随时和学校老师沟通,及时反馈孩子在家的表现,根据孩子的变化及时进行评估,并灵活调整适合孩子现阶段的“个别化”训练计划,从而收获理想的康复效果。

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