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当今社会，自闭症为什么越来越多了？

发布日期：2024-08-19 05:51:51编辑：网络收集

“现在怎么越来越多自闭症呢？”这是许多家长或老师很常皱紧眉头提出的问题。

自闭症的患病率在21世纪以来，的确有较大幅度的提高。在对这种疾病认识充分的发达国家中，最近两年的患病率稳定在儿童人群的1/68左右。如果以这个患病率来考量，自闭症确实不再是罕见病，而已经成为比较常见的疾病了。

自闭症是与生俱来的神经发展障碍，目前还没有研究可以完全厘清自闭症的病因，只能说自闭症跟基因和环境都有关系。

而关于自闭症的发生率，中国目前还没有可参考的官方数据，但的确被诊断出有自闭症的案例逐年增加了，这是为什么呢？

01

诊断技术进步，诊断意识增加

我们国家先后有局部地区的流行病学调查和部分全国的抽样调查，这些流行病学调查的数据显示，自闭症患病率要低于发达国家水平，但这很可能跟我们对自闭症的认识和发现、诊断水平仍有待提高有关。即便如此，自闭症相关的临床专业人员们估计认为，我们国家儿童人群自闭症患病率也应该在1%左右。

也许自闭症的发生率其实并没有真的增加，自闭症的孩子也许也没有因为年代的不同而变得多了，而可能只是国内医学在这方面的研究和了解变多，诊断的技术也进步了。

以前的人们并没有这么重视儿童的自闭症，同时在儿童病发之后，家长也不了解这属于自闭症，随着自闭症概念的普及，越来越多的家长了解到了自闭症的含义与危害，于是现在送到医院来做ASD检查的儿童越来越多，这也导致看上去自闭症儿童的概率有了大幅度提升。

02

网络信息的发达

信息的发达，促使我们了解到更多关于自闭症儿童的信息，让我们有种“到处都是自闭症孩子”的感觉；而在20年前，我们国内才刚刚引进“自闭症”的病症，普通民众对自闭症知之甚少，信息等于0，即使身边有自闭症儿童，我们也不知道那是自闭症。

所以，现代信息的发达，一方面增加了我们对自闭症的认识，另一方面也增加了我们对自闭症儿童数量的误解。

03

环境污染、生活压力

现在的环境对家长和孩子都造成了很大的影响，无论是外在的环境还是内在的环境。

想想现在的生活，多少人为了跟上城市的步调，每天作息不正常，吃饭也不规律的。压力这么大的情况下，也许有些妈妈在刚怀孕的时候根本没能吃好睡好，而怀孕初期的那三个月却又恰恰好是孩子正在发育大脑的黄金期，我们谁也不能保证这段时间的压力和营养不均衡对孩子的发展完全没有影响。

内在环境充满压力的情况下，外在环境却又充斥着许多污染物，食物里可能有洗不净的重金属，空气里可能有滤不尽的悬浮物，互联网发达的现在可能处处都有防不了的辐射线。有些孩子刚出生时可能就已经带有隐性的基因，但经过环境的刺激也可能就诱发出自闭症的特质了。

04

孩子缺少娱乐和互动经验

以前的孩子每天都有很充足的时间，可以跟差不多年龄的孩子腻在一起，玩很多的游戏，跳皮筋、爬树、踩影子等等，这些在我们小时候看来稀松平常的活动，在现在看来竟然都是能对成长带来帮助的大功臣，不知不觉地提升了我们的动作协调、感觉统合、精细动作，甚至是与别人一起互动的社会性。

我常在想也许以前的确也有不少发育迟缓或互动能力不好的孩子，只是以前的孩子拥有自在玩乐的环境和机会，大家常常都聚在一起玩，也许自然而然地就不再有那么多适应不良的问题了。所以搞不好以前的那些游戏，确实成就了不少能力没那么好的孩子，也长成了现在跟得上社会变迁的大人们。

有些孩子也许本来互动能力就没那么好，而因为整个大环境能提供的练习机会又不多，以至于孩子没有那么多机会可以去练习那些在我们以前看来很自然就该要会的能力了。

大环境不能提供的刺激，只能透过家长的刻意安排才能让孩子拥有机会去练习这些基本的能力，然而在我看来这些刻意的安排，永远都比不上自然情境中的那些游戏，毕竟自然情境中孩子能拥有更高的动机和学习的弹性。

05

自闭症没有治愈，只有新增

因为一直找不到自闭症的确切病因，而且也不像其他疾病有药物治疗，所以自闭症只有慢慢康复，好一些的情况就能康复到正常人水平。但尽管这样也不能判定是被治愈的，因为他们或多或少都会伴有某些不足，这也是一个世界难题。

自闭症群体就像是一个没有出口的蓄水池，源源不断地有水流进来，却很少有流出去的，所以水池的水就越积越多。

这也是为什么我们感觉现在身边的自闭症患者越来越多的原因之一。

尽管现在还没有找到准确的病因，没有治愈方式，但是自闭症并不可怕，也没有什么可以稀奇的，希望社会大众了解认识自闭症群体，不要有太多偏见。

另外专业的干预引导是目前最有效的康复方式之一，家长一旦发现孩子有发育异常，不要掉以轻心，及时去专业医院进行评估筛查 ，积极治疗。

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