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让孩子爱上数学的最佳方法

发布日期：2014-10-25 15:27:50编辑：Chen

“数数只是小儿科，会加减法才是真本事”，这种流行在不少学龄前儿童家长中的数学教育误区昨天被幼教界专家们否定。昨天，“城市儿童教育的美好未来”2009国际儿童教育与发展论坛工作坊昨天在静安区六所幼儿园展开，记者在南阳路示范性幼儿园看到了一堂在游戏中让孩子玩出分类、推理等概念的开放式课。

中班娃娃每天十道数学题

“我每天让孩子回家做十道10以内的加减法算术题，他现在已经蛮适应了，我打算到了大班就升级让他做20以内的加减法，这样到了小学学起数学就会得心应手了。 ”前不久，一位父亲对华东师范大学学前教育与特殊教育学院副院长、副教授黄瑾这样说，脸上还带着沾沾自喜的表情。

这样的例子并不少，小威(化名)在小班时，因为身为中学老师的爷爷在家提前进行数学启蒙教育，他对数概念的掌握已经达到中班水平，但是，小威到了中班下学期，不仅失去了优势，而且成为班里学习能力和探求兴趣较弱的孩子。

0-3岁宝宝也开数学课

陈女士前不久接到某早教中心的电话邀请，到现场试听早教课，她惊讶地发现，早教中心居然开设了对0-3岁宝宝的数学课，咨询之后得知，老师们会教孩子认数字、点数、分类等。“这么小的宝宝，能够接受抽象的数字概念吗？ ”陈女士不禁产生疑问。

陈女士在给孩子买玩具时发现，现在很多早教机中也涉及了复杂数概念，比如某早教机会问“小朋友，8在哪里？ ”、“2+5等于几？ ”，如果答对了就给予表扬，答错了就要求“再试试”。她尝试让2岁多的女儿玩，女儿根本没兴趣。

专家：过早学运算扼杀兴趣

黄瑾副院长表示，很多家长喜欢在宝宝刚刚开始学会说话的时候就教他们念1、2、3，但3岁以前的幼儿对抽象概念理解力很低，即使他们会念，也并不理解真正的数概念。

包括时间概念等，都是比较抽象的，需要以一定的思维能力为基础，父母不必操之过急。

黄瑾觉得非常痛心，不懂孩子发展规律的家长可能只看到眼前用强化训练得来的“成绩”，但这却是以扼杀孩子对数学的兴趣为代价。眼下有许多父母认为会算加减法就体现了孩子“有数学脑子”，但其实，运算只是评价学龄前儿童数学能力中一个并不十分重要的指标。

数学能力包括分类、空间、配对、排序、模式、测量、统计等，这些对孩子的逻辑思维训练更加重要。而美国最新研究显示，学龄前儿童的逻辑思维能力不仅会影响他们3-8年的数学课成绩，而且会影响语文课成绩。

她表示，过早“开垦”对敏感期尚未来到的幼儿没有好处，家长要克服功利、攀比的心理。

游戏、生活中学数学最有效

昨天，在静安区南阳路示范性幼儿园现场，一堂学习分类的公开课让观摩者耳目一新。十来个大班小朋友在老师的带领下玩“娃娃开商店”的游戏，饮料店、玩具店、鞋店里的商品处于无序状态，老师顺水推舟地建议：“顾客到商店来挑商品，这么乱怎么挑呢？我们来帮助他们分分类吧。 ”

“好啊！”孩子们都跃跃欲试，在五分钟的自由分类时间里，孩子们跑东跑西，用分类棒把不同种类的商品分隔开。大类分好之后，老师又启发孩子们“有的顾客爱喝牛奶类的饮料，有的顾客爱喝带汽的水，请小朋友再帮忙分一分好吗？ ”，就这样，一层一层，孩子们在游戏中展开了多重分类。整个过程老师参与并不多，大部分时间在一旁观察、鼓励。

日常生活，是数学教育取之不尽的源泉。他们的老师常常用心挖掘日常教学中的契机，提供幼儿丰富多样的操作机会，使幼儿在轻松自然的状态下，积累简单的数学经验，习得正确的学习方法。黄静副院长也表示，父母可以在生活中随时随地进行数学教育。比如，给筷子和碗配对，让宝宝自己收拾玩具时分类摆放等都是不错的方法。

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