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海淘奶粉的四大乱象 专骗中国消费者(3)

发布日期：2016-01-16 16:04:42编辑：Chen

乱象4 顶风闯关

禁令之下

日本核污染区奶粉仍入境

海淘奶粉里除上述那些真真假假的奶粉外，来自日本核污染区的奶粉也不时顶风闯关。

7月1日-20日，长沙出入境检验检疫局邮检办事处在入境邮件中连续截获大批日本东京都、群马县的婴幼儿奶粉。此前，广州出入境检验检疫局也从入境快件中查获原产地为东京都的奶粉632罐，货值近6万元。

事实上，2011年日本福岛核泄漏事故后，国家质检总局当年4月就发布公告，禁止进口日本东京都、埼玉县等12个县的食品、食用农产品及饲料，后来也只对山梨和山形两县产品解除了禁令。

据公开报道，这些日本核辐射污染区的奶粉都是从海外邮寄包裹中查到的。广州出入境检验检疫局还指出，奶粉以跨境电子商务B2B/2C入境，且电商无法提供日本政府出具的放射性物质检测合格证明、原产地证明等资料。

新京报记者在淘宝输入“日本奶粉”，出现1.2万余件产品，主要有明治、和光堂、格力高、雪印等品牌，大部分商家声称是“日本本土”、“日本采购”。记者随机查看10个，结果有8个都产自东京都。

淘宝全球购里的魔力宝宝奶粉店，一罐850g日本原装原罐和光堂婴儿2段奶粉，代购价只要111元，其价格是欧洲奶粉的三分之一，在该宝贝详情 中，明确写着厂址为东京都千代田区。淘宝店铺“小S家日本代购”，其“日本本土原装明治奶粉2段820g”售价175元，无论是奶粉生产地址和邮寄地址， 也都显示“东京都”。此外，记者在京东商城上也发现了来自日本埼玉县的“禁入”奶粉。

当询问产地时，个别商家会解释称奶粉是经过无核检测的；有些商家则建议消费者去官网查验证书；也有店家无法出示“无核”证明，只称质量过关，自己孩子也在吃。

中国社科院区域经济研究专家徐逢贤接受媒体采访时说，日本核污染区的奶粉大多是以电商代购、个人代购等形式流入。没检出放射性超标，并不意味着日本核污染区奶粉安全。

■ 探因

问题奶粉入关：包裹太多存漏检

新京报记者调查发现，低价奶粉为躲避检验手续，纷纷选取化整为零的“蚂蚁搬家”模式，把集装箱货物打散成为个人邮包，悄然进入国内市场。

长期以120元/罐低价供应奶粉的吕某强调，其货物无法通过正规商业报关批量进入国内。“提供一批收货人身份证号码、地址等信息后，就可在保税区仓库中打散成多个不超过500元的个人订单，这样可规避掉检查、征税等手续。”

“第三方平台上卖的牛栏、爱他美，基本上都是分拆方式入境。”上海某国际转运公司市场部负责人介绍，对大批量入关的婴幼儿奶粉，海关会进行非常 严格的抽检，“要求经销商必须有进出口资质证明，产品须出具检验检疫证明等，再加上17%增值税和5%婴幼儿奶粉进口税，算上时间和税收成本，出关的奶粉 并不具备价格竞争力。所以一般是直接在香港、越南走私进来，或在周边口岸化整为零拆分为个人包裹入关。”

乳业专家、中商流通生产力促进中心分析师宋亮分析，一些网络批发平台上没有授权证书的经销商拿到的货“不一定是品牌生产的，或者根本就是假冒 的”。一些奶粉其实是国内生产、国内发货，也有海外小工厂或代工厂生产假货，有的使用伪劣原料，有的使用快过期的产品换包装，存在很大安全隐患。

一位熟悉通关业务的海关人士也告诉新京报记者，假奶粉及违禁奶粉出现在境内有两种可能，一是本身就是国产货冒充；二是在海外发货时没如实报关。 由于是私人名义邮寄小包裹，不需事先在海关备案，而且包裹主要由国际物流公司代为报关，由于邮寄物品太多，物流通常不会对发货人填的资料核实，“基本上填 什么就是什么”。

物品入境时，海关会对包裹一一进行机检，如发现假冒、走私及违禁品，做相应处理；涉及食品和动植物的，出入境检验检疫部门也会检查。“但邮寄包裹太多，堆积如山，不可避免有漏检。如果量多的话，总是邮寄，被查出来的概率就很大”。

■ 监管

电商平台有义务核查销售的产品

作为连接国内消费者与海外的重要窗口，跨境电商汇集了大量海内外卖家，这其中也暗藏贩卖假奶粉的进出口公司，以及涉及走私、违禁奶粉的个人代购。

像阿里巴巴平台有三个跨境网购业务——淘宝全球购、天猫国际和一淘网。其中，天猫国际要求入驻商家须有海外零售资质，且实现直邮；而淘宝全球购的商户主要是一些中小代购商。

由于奶粉并不在我国禁止携带、邮寄入境的物品名单中，第三方平台对假奶粉、疫区奶粉的监管存在较大难度，主要依靠举报。“若消费者对奶粉质量和 真伪有质疑，可在订单上向卖家发起投诉，并要求淘宝介入处理；若存在问题，淘宝会启动退换货和对卖家进行处理。”淘宝全球购相关负责人称。

针对海淘，海关总署2014年出台《关于跨境贸易电子商务进出境货物、物品有关监管事宜的公告》，要求存放电商进出境货物、物品的海关监管场所的经营人，应向海关办理开展电商业务的备案手续，接受海关监管。

河南保税物流中心营销副总监肖祥文接受媒体采访时称，代购品多以商品形式进行销售，累积一定数量后就需经海关报关，缴纳其他税款，否则涉嫌走私。

那么，海淘买到假奶粉或违禁奶粉怎么办？中消协律师团团长邱宝昌认为，第三方平台对经营者有审查义务，比如是不是售卖违禁品，对商家资质和销售 的产品做一般核查。“一旦发现问题，消费者可通过质检、海关等部门去投诉、咨询；如果商品确实不符合规定，可要求退货，平台有协助处理义务。”内容来源于：https://health.sina.com.cn/hc/2015-08-04/doc-ifxfpcyp5585829.shtml

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