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想为宝宝创造一个安全的环境宝妈们一定得细心!

发布日期:2024-08-12 12:02:43编辑:秩名


事实上,意外伤害很少是偶然的。一些安全专家认为并不存在真正的意外伤害,或者说,真正的意外伤害极为罕见,大部分的意外伤害都是可以预防的。
 
我们无法改变孩子的年龄,也无法改变孩子的天性,那么,就必须把重点放在改变导致伤害发生的物品和环境上,通过创造一个相对安全的环境来保护孩子免受伤害。
 
有些父母认为并不一定需要把家里收拾得稍微安全一些,因为他们打算时时刻刻地密切关注孩子。事实上,即使是非常认真负责的家长,也无法做到时时刻刻地密切关注孩子;而且,即使能做到时时刻刻地密切关注孩子,也只能在一定程度上避开大部分的伤害,却常常无法避开所谓的“意外伤害”——因为大多数的“意外”都是发生在家长毫无防备或者放松警惕之时,尤其是当孩子进入爬行期以后。
 
要给孩子足够的自由。好奇心、想象力和创造力是推动孩子发展的三股巨大力量,限制或者禁止孩子探索周围的环境,会阻碍他的智能和情感发展。
 
孩子不应该被限制得太多。一个被限制得太多或者被禁止探索周围环境的孩子,会逐渐对周围的世界产生退缩和畏惧感,这样会降低他的自信;相反,在相对安全的环境中到处探索的孩子,则更有可能成为一个热情外向的、自信满满的人。
 
孩子们与成人一样,能从失败和错误中汲取经验,以避免更大的失误。处处干涉或者过多限制孩子正常的探索,剥夺孩子一切小失败、小错误的机会,实际上是很不明智的,不仅会让他丧失不少童年的乐趣,也会让他失去一些宝贵的经验,可能为将来埋下更大的风险——因为最容易受到伤害的人,往往正是那些没有尝试过失败和挫折的人。
 
要给孩子足够的安全,然后放手让他探索尝试。保护孩子的发展,并不意味着一定不能干涉或打断他所有的探索行为,而是要为他创造相对安全的环境,要让他逐渐树立起安全的意识。
 
为孩子创造相对安全的环境,可以从以下几方面着手改进:
 

一、去除环境中明显的危险物品。

 
把周围环境中明显的危险物品置于孩子能接触到的范围之外。大致需遵循以下原则:凡是孩子能够得到的物品,一定是这阶段他可以安全地拿在手上玩或者放入口中尝(尝主要针对处于口欲期的宝宝)的。对于不能移出孩子视线的危险物品,如电线插座等请参看第六条。
 

二、任何时候都要保持警惕之心。

 
千万不要忽视孩子,无论多么小心地布置周围的环境,孩子仍需要家长持续谨慎的督导。处于以下情况时,更要打起十二分的注意:
 
1. 当孩子饥饿或疲倦的时候;
 
2. 当你处于繁忙着急状态的时候,如着急赴约、门铃电话响了等
 
3. 当主要带养人发生变化的时候,包括新换保姆;
 
4. 当孩子近期有身体不适的时候,如疾病、离乳、萌牙、预防接种等;
 
5. 当家庭成员有身体不适的时候,如母亲怀孕、他人疾病需要照顾等;
 
6. 当居住环境发生改变的时候,如搬家、度假等;
 
7. 当家庭成员发生变化的时候,如亲人分离、父母离异、新添弟妹等;
 
8. 当家庭成员关系紧张的时候,如父母争吵、家人失和等;
 
9. 当孩子刚开始加入群体生活的时候,如新入托、新入园等;无论由谁照看孩子,都要提醒他,时刻保持警惕之心。
 

三、任何时候都不留孩子独自一人。

 
千万不要心存侥幸让小孩子独处,意外总是偏偏发生在让孩子独处的那几分钟。小婴儿最好要在视线内,除非把他安全地放在婴儿床或防护栏内,才可以临时离开几分钟;如果他睡着了,也应该睡在你听力范围之内的安全的地方;无论他醒着还是睡着,即使你把他安全地放在婴儿床或防护栏内,也不要让他与五岁以下的孩子(他们常常无法意识到自己的行为会产生什么样的后果)或宠物单独相处……
 

四、学习并熟悉常用的急救程序。

 
平时学习心肺复苏等急救技术,一旦发生意外伤害,知道怎么抢救,就可以最大程度挽救生命和避免留下残疾。
 

五、要努力成为孩子的安全楷模。

 
家长的行为对孩子的安全影响很大。教孩子树立安全意识的最好方式莫过于安全实践,家长言行一致,孩子才能很好地遵循。
 

六、逐渐培养起孩子的安全意识。

 
也许从现在开始教育孩子,需要等待若干年后他们才能完全担负起保护自己的责任,但一定要尽早制定一些与安全相关的规矩,并向孩子解释这些规矩背后的原因,只有“武装孩子”才能最大限度地降低他们的“易伤性”。

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