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新生宝宝能看见东西吗

发布日期：2024-09-02 00:24:33编辑：胖虎爱撩妹

　　新生儿的视力如何？有人觉得小宝宝看不见东西，有人却觉得视觉是宝宝与生俱来的能力，哪一个观点是对的？小宝宝究竟能否看见东西？
 
　　新生宝宝能看见东西吗？
 
　　反方：长期以来人们总认为新生宝宝没有视力，他们只会睡、哭、拉、吃，要几个月
 
后才能看到东西。
 
　　正方：新生宝宝从一出生就已经具有了一定的认识世界的能力，他们在觉醒状态下不仅会看东西，而且还能用眼与人交流感情。
 
　　结论：现在对新生宝宝视能力认可的观点正在被越来越多的人接受。
 
　　新生宝宝出生后通常会有一段安静觉醒的时间，这时宝宝很少活动，如果那时周围环境温暖，室内光线不太亮，他会慢慢睁开双眼，好奇地注视周围，注视父母的脸，专心地听他们说话，用他自己独特的方式和感觉开始与家人交往，几乎所有健康的新生儿出生后几分钟就开始有这种看的能力。
 
　　新生宝宝的视力特点
 
　　1.他是一个远视眼
 
　　新生宝宝的出生使他从漆黑的世界来到明亮的世界，所以宝宝早期视焦距调节能力较差——他是个远视眼，对观察物的敏感性低于成人，如果这时选用的观察刺激物太近、太远、太小、移动太快均会使宝宝不能很好地捕捉到观察物，动力视网膜镜显示新生宝宝最优视焦距为19厘米。这就是为什么人们会觉得新生宝宝不会看东西的原因了，因为大家不了解新生宝宝的视力特点，一味按照成人看东西的样子和距离把物体放在宝宝眼前晃晃，宝宝没有反应就误以为他看不见，其实新生宝宝看东西的最佳距离是20厘米，相当于妈妈喂奶时母亲脸和宝宝脸之间的距离，这种视觉状态一直要持续到生后3～4个月时，宝宝才会有良好的视焦距调节能力。
 
　　2.他只在安静觉醒时才看东西
 
　　新生宝宝看东西的能力与他当时所处的状态有关，他们只在安静觉醒状态时才有看东西的兴趣，然而新生宝宝的这种安静觉醒状态时间又是很短暂的，仅占一天时间的1∕10，所以你要捕捉到宝宝看东西的能力，除了要有足够的耐心外，还要学会敏锐地认识新生宝宝的觉醒状态，善于抓住时机。
 
　　这种状态一般在吃奶后一小时左右最容易获得，但不是刚吃完奶后哦，因为这时宝宝很困不易觉醒；也不是在喂奶前，这时的宝宝饿了没兴趣和你合作；室内光线不宜太亮，强光会使宝宝睁不开眼，为了引出宝宝视觉表现，应将宝宝半卧位抱在你膝上，拿鲜明的物体引起他的注意或让他看你的脸，不久肯定会使你惊喜。
 
　　3.他喜欢看人脸
 
　　新生宝宝一般喜欢看轮廓鲜明和色彩对比强烈的图形，还喜欢看人脸，当你和宝宝面对面互相对视时，你会发现这时的宝宝往往将眼睛睁得大大的，眼光明亮，而且常常会停住吸吮或运动，全神贯注地凝视你。这时如果你仍面对宝宝的脸，而将头向一侧慢慢移动，宝宝可能也会追随你向着水平或垂直方向慢慢移动眼和头。假如你戴着眼镜与宝宝说话，就更能吸引他，因为眼镜的折光，声音的刺激和嘴的活动更能刺激宝宝，增强他的感受，吸引宝宝的注意力。
 
　　4.他看后能记住物品
 
　　让人觉得有趣的是，新生宝宝除了能看东西外，还有看后记住物品的能力。在宝宝床头挂一个玩具，开始时宝宝会注意它，时间一长他就会不感兴趣了，关注的时间日渐缩短，当你换上一件新物品时，宝宝又会重新表现出兴趣去注视它，这说明宝宝对已看过的玩具具有早期记忆能力。
 
　　曾有一位患感冒的母亲为了保护宝宝，喂奶时特意戴上口罩，当她抱起出生后一周的宝宝时，就发现宝宝不断地看她的脸，然后吃奶少了、入睡也不容易，这是新生宝宝发现喂奶的妈妈和自己记忆中母亲的样子发生了改变而表现出不安和心神不定。
 
　　5.他看后还能模仿
 
　　新生宝宝在视能力的基础上，有时还能引出模仿人表情的奇妙能力：例如张嘴、吐舌头、噘嘴、打哈欠、惊奇和高兴等表情。
 
　　一个正常新生儿生后就具有活跃的视听能力，他既能看也能听，在觉醒状态时他们会饶有兴趣地看着周围，并由此认识和交往周围，所以良好的早期视觉刺激对促进宝宝大脑结构和功能的发育极为重要，因此训练宝宝视觉能力也是月子妈妈的一项重要工作。你可以：
 
　　●在宝宝小床和卧室墙上挂上一些色彩鲜艳、能晃动的小玩具、小旗帜、小球等，品种多样，经常更换，以吸引宝宝看的兴趣。
 
　　●利用一些发声玩具或柔和音乐刺激宝宝看和听的能力寻找声源。
 
　　●在宝宝觉醒时注意与宝宝说说话，可以慢慢摆动你的头部，设法吸引宝宝的视线追随你移动。
 
　　●在宝宝的耳边(约10厘米左右)轻轻呼唤宝宝，使他听到你的声音后转过头来看你，亲亲宝宝的小脸让宝宝感受和分辨妈妈爸爸脸部表情以及声音。
 
　　●充分利用喂奶和护理的机会随时随地与宝宝说话和眼与眼的对视，使宝宝既能看到你又能听到你的声音，还有优美音乐相伴，使母子情绪愉快。
 
　　注意： 新生宝宝很容易疲劳，所以每次训练时间不宜过长。另外，玩具的放置距离要适中，不宜过近也不能太远。
 
　　通过实践和摸索，年轻的爸爸妈妈一定会感觉到自己宝宝的神奇能力，抓住宝宝觉醒的时机，在与宝宝热切地相视中，交流感情，寄托希望，传递祝福，增进母子间真挚的爱。

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