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儿童寓言故事《望洋兴叹的故事》文字版

发布日期：2016-09-08 16:40:46编辑：橙子

望洋兴叹字面意思是在伟大的事物面前感叹自己的渺小。现多比喻做事时因力不胜任或没有条件而感到无可奈何。世界是无限的，人们对世界的认识也是无止境的。知道少的人，往往以为自己不知道的也少；知道多的人，才会懂得自己不知道的也多。自我满足是知识浅薄、眼光短浅造成的。

儿童寓言故事《望洋兴叹的故事》文字版

古文

秋水时至，百川灌河。泾流之大，两涘渚崖之间，不辩牛马。于是焉，河伯欣然自喜，以天下之美为尽在己。顺流而东行，至于北海，东面而视，不见水端。于是焉河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而叹曰：“野语有之曰：‘闻道百，以为莫己若者。’我之谓也。

且夫我尝闻少仲尼之闻，而轻伯夷之义者，始吾弗信。今我睹子之难穷也，吾非至于子之门，则殆矣，吾长见笑于大方之家。” 　北海若曰：“井鼃不可以语于海者，拘于虚也；夏虫不可以语于冰者，笃于时也；曲士不可以语于道者，束于教也。

今尔出于崖涘，观于大海，乃知尔丑，尔将可与语大理矣。天下之水，莫大于海，万川归之，不知何时止而不盈；尾闾泄之，不知何时已而不虚；春秋不变，水旱不知。此其过江河之流，不可为量数。而吾未尝以此自多者，自以比形于天地而受气于阴阳，吾在于天地之间，犹小石小木之在大山也。方存乎见少，又奚以自多！计四海之在天地之间也，不似礨空之在大泽乎？

计中国之在海内，不似稊米之在大仓乎？号物之数谓之万，人处一焉；人卒九州，谷食之所生，舟车之所通，人处一焉；此其比万物也，不似豪末之在于马体乎？五帝之所连，三王之所争，仁人之所忧，任士之所劳，尽此矣！伯夷辞之以为名，仲尼语之以为博，此其自多也；不似尔向之自多于水乎？” ——《庄子·秋水》

译文

秋天按时到来，千百条河川都奔注入黄河，大水一直浩瀚地流去，遥望两岸洲渚崖石之间，辨不清牛马的外形。于是乎，河伯（黄河之神）便欣欣然欣然自喜，以为天下所有的美景全都在自己这里了。他顺着水流向东走，到了北海（今为渤海）。

他向东遥望，看不见水流的尽头。于是，河伯才改变了他的神态，茫然地抬头对北海若（北海之神）感慨地说：“俗语说：‘自以为知道很多道理，没人能赶上自己了。’这正是说我呀。而且，我还曾经听说过有人贬低仲尼的学识，轻视伯夷的节义，开始我不相信。现在我看到你的浩瀚无穷，如果我不到你的面前，那是多么危险，我将会永远被有见识的人讥笑了。”

北海若说：“井底的蛙，不能跟它谈海之大，因为它被狭小的生活环境所局限；夏天的虫，不能跟它谈冬天的冰，因为它受到气候时令的限制；知识浅陋的曲士，不能跟他谈大道理，因为他被拘束于狭隘的教育。现在你走出了水崖河岸，看到了浩大的海，才知道你的鄙陋，你才可以同我谈论大道理了。

天下所有的水，没有比海更大的了，千百条川流都归注到大海，不知道什么时候才停止而不溢出；从尾闾流泄，也不知道什么时候会流尽而又不空；无论春天或秋天，大海总没有变化；无论干旱水涝，大海永远没有感觉。这就是大海胜过江河水流之处，海水不能以容量来计算，但我从来没有以此自夸，我自以为形体同于天地，气魄受于阴阳，我在天地之间，好象太山上的一块小石，一株小树，正自感到渺小，又怎么会因此自大呢。

请你想想四海在天地之内，不就象一小块石头浸在大湖里吗？整个国家在四海之内，不是象太仓中的一粒细米吗？世上的物类数以万计，人只是万物之一。九州之大，住了许多人，生长了许多谷物粮食，通行着许多舟船车马，人也只是其中之一。人与万物比较起来，不是象马身上的一根毛吗？

古代三王五帝所要继承和争取的，讲仁义的儒者所担忧的，讲任劳的墨家所努力的，都是这些东西。可是伯夷却为了节义之名而辞让不受，仲尼为了显示多知博闻而讲个不停，这是他们在自我夸耀，不是像你刚才自夸其水之大一样吗？”

这个典故寓意深刻，意在告诉我们，做人不要狂妄自大，更不能好高骛远，那种坐井观天、夜郎自大的想法和做法实在要不得。要知道，人外有人，天外有天！

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