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儿童寓言故事《望洋兴叹的故事》文字版

发布日期:2016-09-08 16:40:46编辑:橙子

望洋兴叹字面意思是在伟大的事物面前感叹自己的渺小。现多比喻做事时因力不胜任或没有条件而感到无可奈何。世界是无限的,人们对世界的认识也是无止境的。知道少的人,往往以为自己不知道的也少;知道多的人,才会懂得自己不知道的也多。自我满足是知识浅薄、眼光短浅造成的。

儿童寓言故事《望洋兴叹的故事》文字版

古文

秋水时至,百川灌河。泾流之大,两涘渚崖之间,不辩牛马。于是焉,河伯欣然自喜,以天下之美为尽在己。顺流而东行,至于北海,东面而视,不见水端。于是焉河伯始旋其面目,望洋向若而叹曰:“野语有之曰:‘闻道百,以为莫己若者。’我之谓也。

且夫我尝闻少仲尼之闻,而轻伯夷之义者,始吾弗信。今我睹子之难穷也,吾非至于子之门,则殆矣,吾长见笑于大方之家。”  北海若曰:“井鼃不可以语于海者,拘于虚也;夏虫不可以语于冰者,笃于时也;曲士不可以语于道者,束于教也。

今尔出于崖涘,观于大海,乃知尔丑,尔将可与语大理矣。天下之水,莫大于海,万川归之,不知何时止而不盈;尾闾泄之,不知何时已而不虚;春秋不变,水旱不知。此其过江河之流,不可为量数。而吾未尝以此自多者,自以比形于天地而受气于阴阳,吾在于天地之间,犹小石小木之在大山也。方存乎见少,又奚以自多!计四海之在天地之间也,不似礨空之在大泽乎?

计中国之在海内,不似稊米之在大仓乎?号物之数谓之万,人处一焉;人卒九州,谷食之所生,舟车之所通,人处一焉;此其比万物也,不似豪末之在于马体乎?五帝之所连,三王之所争,仁人之所忧,任士之所劳,尽此矣!伯夷辞之以为名,仲尼语之以为博,此其自多也;不似尔向之自多于水乎?” ——《庄子·秋水》

译文

秋天按时到来,千百条河川都奔注入黄河,大水一直浩瀚地流去,遥望两岸洲渚崖石之间,辨不清牛马的外形。于是乎,河伯(黄河之神)便欣欣然欣然自喜,以为天下所有的美景全都在自己这里了。他顺着水流向东走,到了北海(今为渤海)。

他向东遥望,看不见水流的尽头。于是,河伯才改变了他的神态,茫然地抬头对北海若(北海之神)感慨地说:“俗语说:‘自以为知道很多道理,没人能赶上自己了。’这正是说我呀。而且,我还曾经听说过有人贬低仲尼的学识,轻视伯夷的节义,开始我不相信。现在我看到你的浩瀚无穷,如果我不到你的面前,那是多么危险,我将会永远被有见识的人讥笑了。”

北海若说:“井底的蛙,不能跟它谈海之大,因为它被狭小的生活环境所局限;夏天的虫,不能跟它谈冬天的冰,因为它受到气候时令的限制;知识浅陋的曲士,不能跟他谈大道理,因为他被拘束于狭隘的教育。现在你走出了水崖河岸,看到了浩大的海,才知道你的鄙陋,你才可以同我谈论大道理了。

天下所有的水,没有比海更大的了,千百条川流都归注到大海,不知道什么时候才停止而不溢出;从尾闾流泄,也不知道什么时候会流尽而又不空;无论春天或秋天,大海总没有变化;无论干旱水涝,大海永远没有感觉。这就是大海胜过江河水流之处,海水不能以容量来计算,但我从来没有以此自夸,我自以为形体同于天地,气魄受于阴阳,我在天地之间,好象太山上的一块小石,一株小树,正自感到渺小,又怎么会因此自大呢。

请你想想四海在天地之内,不就象一小块石头浸在大湖里吗?整个国家在四海之内,不是象太仓中的一粒细米吗?世上的物类数以万计,人只是万物之一。九州之大,住了许多人,生长了许多谷物粮食,通行着许多舟船车马,人也只是其中之一。人与万物比较起来,不是象马身上的一根毛吗?

古代三王五帝所要继承和争取的,讲仁义的儒者所担忧的,讲任劳的墨家所努力的,都是这些东西。可是伯夷却为了节义之名而辞让不受,仲尼为了显示多知博闻而讲个不停,这是他们在自我夸耀,不是像你刚才自夸其水之大一样吗?”

这个典故寓意深刻,意在告诉我们,做人不要狂妄自大,更不能好高骛远,那种坐井观天、夜郎自大的想法和做法实在要不得。要知道,人外有人,天外有天!

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