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有一种胚胎着床晚,而不是真的胎停,产科医生教你5步避免胎停育

发布日期:2024-09-01 23:51:46编辑:胖虎爱撩妹

怀孕的准妈妈去医院产检就像坐过山车一样跌宕起伏,医生的每一句话对她来说都无比重要。听到“你家宝宝很健康”,内心就会像欢快的小鸟般欢呼雀跃;听到“孩子可能有点问题”或“你的检查指标不正常”,满怀期待的内心就如严寒的冬天一样寒气逼人,让你不禁颤抖了起来。
 
这不,为了生活长期和丈夫两地分居的小含,好不容易趁疫情期间和丈夫好好待在一起,在看到验孕棒上的两条杠杠时,两人都高兴地跳了起来,结婚3年,他们终于怀上了第一个孩子。
 
 
停经39天,小含在丈夫的陪伴下来医院做B超,结果提示宫腔内有一孕囊,确定是早孕。但还是需要等一星期后再复查,确定有无胚芽和胎心管搏动。于是,小含回家后就安心养胎,家务活都交给了丈夫和婆婆。
 
一星期后,即停经45天(孕6+周),小含回医院复查,B超医生告诉她孕囊大小符合孕周,但没看到有胚芽和胎心,怀疑胚胎可能停止发育。拿到B超结果单的她,眼泪就止不住的往下流,脑袋也一片空白,恍惚地回到了门诊找我:“曾医生,我真的胎停了吗?”我看了B超结果,孕囊大小正常,而她因为“不孕”我一直比较关注她的情况,她有规律的生活,不熬夜,身体健康,工作环境好并不会接触有害放射性或有毒物品,孕前检查一切正常,可以说对备孕做好了充分的准备。于是,安慰她不要过于担心,B超医生只是怀疑,而没确定,也许胚胎着床比较晚才还没看到胚芽和胎心,如果现在测血孕酮及血HCG(绒毛膜促性腺素)正常的话,就等一星期后再复查B超。
 
 
 
很庆幸,当天验血结果正常:血HCG107220miu/ml,孕酮32.67ng/ml。她也就放心回家了,直至一星期后再复查B超,终于看到了胚芽和胎心管搏动。她握着我的手激动地说:“那天,医生你的话对我来说就是定心丸!”
 
有一种胚胎着床就是晚,而不是胎停
 
正常情况下,育龄女性的子宫有一个极短的窗口期允许胚胎着床,一般是在排卵后的6-8天或者受精后的5-7天;在停经42天左右,超声检查可见胚芽及胎心管搏动。可有时会受到以下因素的影响导致胚胎着床晚,推迟发育时间:
 
1、胚胎储存“能量”不够。胚胎质量就像植物的种子一样,只有发育好的种子才能生长发芽,要是在生长过程中,受到不良情绪、睡眠不足、营养不佳、疾病等因素影响它发育时,就需要相对长一些的时间储存生长能量,等凑够“能量”再生根发芽。
 
2、子宫内膜不够“肥沃”。子宫内膜就像植物生长所需要的土壤一样,要是胚胎缺乏土壤或土壤过于贫瘠,胚胎当然就不愿意在此停留,而是先在子宫腔内游荡。此时,就需要给它备足肥料,如黄体酮让土壤变肥沃,这样胚胎才愿意驻足着床发育。
 
 
 
如果我们不能在14天左右让胚胎储存够“能量”及子宫内膜变“肥沃”,那最终的结局就是胚胎停止发育,B超检查仍不见胚芽及胎心管搏动,出现腹痛、阴道流血等流产的征兆,此时就需要及时清宫或药物流产处理。所以,在停经56天(即孕8周)内做超声检查不见胚芽、胎心管搏动时,也许是因为胚胎着床晚引起,此时我们需要配合医生的治疗及静心等待。
 
真正的胎停是这样
 
所谓的胎停即指胚胎停止发育,多数发生在孕12周以前,患者会表现出早孕反应消失,可能出现阴道流血和腹痛,但不一定都出现,属于流产的一个阶段。
 
正常妊娠胚芽是从停经42天(即孕6周)开始显示,孕7周时大部分能够显示,孕8周时,100%应见到胎心管搏动。B超检查确定早孕,如果平时月经规律,而末次月经也记得准确的育龄女性,到孕8周仍未见胚芽及胎心搏动则应考虑胎停。如果胚芽与停经月份不符且看不到胎心,则胚胎死亡的可能性很大,一星期后复查确定。如果月经不规律,且末次月经记不清时,可B超监测孕囊大小,估算孕周,若妊娠不足6周可能胎心显示不满意,则要等待一段时间后进行复查,若复查时仍不见胎心博动,或孕囊、胚芽变小才考虑确诊为胎停。
 
还有一种胎停是孕早期监测到有胎心搏动,可等下一次产检时,却又监测不到胎心,且胚胎发育明显落后。这就如最近热播的《三十而已》电视剧中钟晓芹的胎停一样,从有胎心到无胎心。
 
 
 
发现胎停后怎么办?
 
一旦确诊胎停育后,要积极配合医生尽快进行清宫或药物流产终止妊娠。
 
有人说,《三十而已》中的陈屿对妻子钟晓芹胎停的事表现得太冷漠无情了,发现胎停就积极办手续尽快让妻子做清宫手术。可从一个专业的角度来说,陈屿的做法我们是认同的。因为胚胎一旦停止发育,并且胎心消失,就没有再保胎的必要了。况且胎停后,胚胎会释放出一些“有害”物质,导致母体的凝血功能异常,对于胚胎没能自然排出的患者,如果不及时将胚胎组织从宫腔内清除,可能会因为DIC(弥散性血管内凝血)造成大出血或不完全流产等严重后果。长期未排出的胚胎一旦肌化,想要清除干净,对子宫内膜的创伤也会非常巨大,会直接影响到未来的再次怀孕,也许就不孕了。所以,胎停了尽快终止妊娠才是正确做法!
 
怎样做可避免胎停?
 
1、适当年龄生育。随着准妈妈年龄的增长,导致胎停的几率就会随之增加,据最新文献显示:准妈妈年龄处于20-30岁之间,发生胎停的几率只有9%-17%;若到35岁高龄,比例就上升到20%;40岁比例上升到40%;到45岁时,比例就高达80%。所以,想要生育还是要趁早,最好在20~30岁之间。
 
2、保持健康的生活方式。备孕期间,夫妻两人应保持规律的生活作息,做到不熬夜,保证有充足的睡眠时间;远离烟酒,远离含辐射量大、有毒性的环境;保持饮食均衡,尤其是注意要摄入含叶酸高及优质蛋白高的食物,如新鲜的绿色蔬菜及水果、鱼肉、鸡肉、牛肉等;适量运动,提高免疫力,避免孕期受到细菌或病毒的感染导致胎儿畸形或流产。
 
3、进行孕前检查。孕前进行内分泌检查,如性激素六项、甲状腺功能,若发现激素水平有异常,先进行治疗后再孕;妇科检查及超声检查,排除妇科感染性疾病,看看有无子宫纵膈、子宫肌瘤、宫腔黏连等异常子宫;优生项目检查,看看准妈妈身体是否处在某种病毒的急性感染期,若有则要等度过急性感染期再孕;常规检查,如常规的抽血化验、心电图,看看身体整体状况如何。
 
 
 
4、谨慎用药。准妈妈在怀孕早期如果服用了容易致畸的药物,如因头痛或牙痛服用布洛芬,就有可能会导致胎停,所以准妈妈在孕期生病了,切勿随意用药,应咨询专业医生后再决定要不要用药,用什么药才安全。
 
5、补充叶酸。如果准妈妈体内叶酸浓度过低,会增加6-12周胎停的风险,所以,曾医生建议准备怀孕的女性从怀孕前3个月至怀孕后3个月,每天补充0.4毫克的叶酸片。
 
总之,怀孕的过程既有惊喜也有惊吓,准妈妈应抱有一颗平常心,不要过于强求,也不要总是紧张焦虑,属于你的孩子是怎么都吓不走,而不属于你的孩子是怎么保胎留它都会流走。

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