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偏食这个坏习惯是怀孕的拦路虎

发布日期：2024-07-08 12:17:51编辑：秩名


除了身材的过瘦或过胖之外，准爸爸与准妈妈的饮食结构也直接影响着其生育能力，甚至未来宝宝偏食的毛病，也是受孕期妈妈的饮食结构所影响。 
 
英国伦敦大学研究发现，子女对从未吃过的食物产生抗拒，与他们的遗传有关。研究人员将这种行为称为“食物恐新症”。而宝宝的偏食，直接影响宝宝的身体健康及发育。儿童时期是生长发育的关键时期，需要大量蛋白质、微量元素等各种营养物质。偏食导致儿童营养不均衡，使他们的身高、发育受到影响，长期如此，还会导致一些疾病，对儿童有极大的危害。
 
很多女性都习惯了怀孕后再补充营养，其实稍微有些晚了，胎儿的健康与智力，往往从成为受精卵的那一刻起就已经决定了。为了保证母婴健康，必须从准备受孕时就开始调整自己的营养。
 
如果偏食，就意味着食谱狭窄，对许多食物不爱吃或根本不吃，如一些女性是素食主义者，拒绝吃鱼、奶、肉，只吃粮食、蔬菜，也有一些女性与此恰恰相反，只爱吃肉。这些饮食习惯均不利于自身健康、卵子健康及胎儿发育。
 
长期纯素食确实不利于怀孕，卵子的制造以及性激素形成都需要动物性食物提供营养成分。但吃素并非不育不孕的直接原因，也有不少素食者成功孕育宝宝的案例。不过，长期素食一定程度上会减少受孕机会，因此建议素食主义者为了生育后代还是要适当进食荤菜。素食主义者一旦怀孕，孕妇及胎儿就会缺乏足够的蛋白质、维生素、脂肪、矿物质，致使孕妇贫血、缺钙、消瘦，胎儿体重低、大脑重量轻等。
 
相反，只吃荤不吃素，不仅会让备孕期女性体重超标而影响怀孕，而孕妇的过度肥胖，使得身体中胆固醇、脂肪含量增高，这不仅容易并发妊娠高血压综合征及产程长、产后出血，胎儿也容易发育过大，造成难产、出生后低血糖、高胆固醇血症等不良后果。 
 
因此，为了顺利怀孕，同时也为了胎儿的正常发育，一定要选择合理、平衡的膳食结构。
 
女性如此，那么男性呢？精子作为繁衍后代的另一半，男性的饮食对孩子将来的健康也同样非常重要。
 
通常男性在备孕期间并不十分重视饮食结构的问题，认为只要准妈妈的身体调整好并在孕期注意饮食，孩子一定会健康。这样的思维往往会让很多人忽略了准爸爸在备孕时的营养状况。要知道，有一部分的男性不育患者正是由于饮食不当，导致或加重了不育的状况。
 
事实上，除了烟、酒是准爸爸在备孕期必须要远离的之外，偏食是最容易被忽视的，偏食、营养缺乏和营养过剩都会影响生育。精子的生成和发育离不开营养，如精氨酸供给精子的成分氮，维生素B12和维生素C能促进精子生成、保护精子抵抗有害因素的侵袭等，所以偏食的朋友要扩大食物种类，实现营养均衡。
 
饮食中的氨基酸、维生素和微量元素等，都与精子产生、成熟及活动能力有密切关系，若缺乏这些物质，则可使精子生成减少、活力下降导致不育。而这些元素又多由蔬菜水果来提供给我们，生性嗜肉、不喜吃蔬菜的准爸爸一定要提高警惕，在备孕期避免挑食。
 
有的食物会影响精子生成，如芹菜、芥蓝、菱角、棉籽油等，长期食用可能导致精子数量和质量下降。如今环境污染日趋严重、淡水及海水产品的汞含量不断增加的，备孕期的准爸爸吃海鲜应尽量适可而止，过度进食可能会造成汞在体内长期积聚，不但影响精子活动及数量，亦会损害身体。
 
所以，日常养成良好的饮食习惯是非常重要的，一方面性功能在很大程度上依靠于心血管系统和神经系统的传送，健康的食物让它们保持畅通；而垃圾食品则让“线路”堵塞。因此，吃食物时要选择得当。
 
那么，我在这里要提几个备孕期准爸爸和准妈妈都要遵循的饮食准则。
 

热能摄入充足，精强卵壮

 
对于饭量比较小，或正减肥节食的夫妻，特别要注意，如果没有摄取足够热量以保持正常范围内的体重和体脂，则生育力下降的可能性很大。备孕期的夫妻双方，最好在每天供给正常成人需要的9 208千焦的基础上，再加上1 674千焦，以供给性生活的消耗，同时为受孕积蓄一部分能量，这样才能“精强卵壮”，为受孕和优生创造必要条件。
 
优质蛋白质，保证受精卵正常发育
 
在备孕期，准爸爸和准妈妈应每天在饮食中摄取优质蛋白质40～60克，保证受精卵的正常发育。蛋白质是构成生命体的重要组成部分，也是生成精子的重要原材料，孕前夫妻应合理补充富含优质蛋白质的食物。高龄女性更要注重优质蛋白质的摄取。
 

摄入优质脂肪酸，精子生成能力强 

 
上面我们提到了偏重肉食的饮食结构对准爸爸的影响，事实上，事物都是相辅相成的，对于纯素食的准爸爸我这里也要提个醒，脂肪是机体热能的主要来源，其所含脂肪酸是构成机体细胞组织不可缺少的物质，增加优质脂肪的摄入对怀孕有益。性激素主要是由脂肪中的胆固醇转化而来，脂肪中还含有精子生成所需的必需脂肪酸，如果缺乏，不仅影响精子的生成，而且还可能引起性欲下降。
 

充足的无机盐和微量元素，要为宝宝储备好

 
钙、铁、锌、铜等元素构成骨骼、制造血液、提高智力并维持体内代谢的平衡。所以准爸爸和准妈妈应多注意这些元素的储备。 
 

适量的维生素，帮助受精卵成长

 
最后我提到的一点是，夫妻双方应摄入适量的维生素，能够有助于精子、卵子及受精卵的发育与成长，但是过量的维生素，如脂溶性维生素也会对身体有害，因此建议男女双方多从食物中摄取，慎重补充维生素制剂。
 
当然，孕前饮食并不是吃得越多越好，具体地说，建议夫妻双方每天摄入畜肉150～200克，鸡蛋1～2个，豆制品50～150克，蔬菜500克，水果100～150克，主食400～600克，植物油40～50克，坚果类食物20～50克，牛奶500毫升。 
 
只有安排好合理的孕前饮食原则，才能保证身体所需要的各项营养都能达到，为胎儿提供良好的生存环境。但是有些食物是不能盲目补充的，因为有些食物会影响正常受孕，这我会在后面提到。最后，我要让大家重新认识整个备孕期和孕期都不容忽视的一种维生素——叶酸。

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