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人工受孕的过程介绍 了解另一种怀孕技巧

发布日期：2025-03-05 16:09:18编辑：胖虎爱撩妹

　　人工授精是一项比较复杂的治疗，适用于男性少精、弱精、性功能障碍、生殖器畸形，女性宫颈因素，生殖道畸形、免疫性不育、原因不明的不育、单纯促排卵治疗半年无效等。下面是人工受孕的过程介绍，来看看吧!
 
　　人工受孕过程
 
　　首先，需对接受人工受孕的不孕女性做详细的妇科检查，检查内外生殖器是否正常、子宫内膜活检腺体分泌是否良好、双侧输卵管是否通畅等，若这些都正常，才具备接受人工受孕的条件。然后需要估计排卵日，以选择最佳的授精时间。常用的估计排卵日的方法包括测定基础体温、宫颈粘液(一般在排卵前4-5天出现)，或接近排卵日连续测定尿黄体生成素的峰值，或连续阴道超声波检查等。
 
　　在女方估计排卵期前，赠精者或丈夫经手淫取出精液，需对精液进行化验，若结果显示精液密度及活动度正常，待其精液液化后，用注射器或导管将精液注入阴道、子宫颈周围及子宫颈管内。女方卧床休息2-3小时使精液不致排出。
 
　　每位女性在一个月经周期中可进行3次人工受孕，即在排卵日前3天开始，若按小时计算，即在排卵日前72小时、24小时和排卵后24小时各进行一次，若在一个月经周期中未能受孕，可连续做几个周期。必要时可用药物诱导排卵和调整好排卵期，以提高受孕率。判定人工受孕的成败一般以12个周期为界。
 
　　人工受孕费用
 
　　人工授精是一项比较复杂的治疗，简单的说指用非性交的方法，将精子置入女性生殖道内，使其自然与卵细胞结合而达到妊娠目的的措施。适用于男性少精、弱精、性功能障碍、生殖器畸形，女性宫颈因素，生殖道畸形、免疫性不育、原因不明的不育、单纯促排卵治疗半年无效等。不同的医院价格可能有偏差，但一般的费用为几千元左右。
 
　　人工授精的费用会受到地方的不同以及医院的不同而发生变化，因为每个地方的消费水平不同，每一医院的设备以及级别不一样。人工授精的费用主要包括夫妇双方的检查、排卵的监测、人工授精的操作等方面。当中的一种费用的不同，都会导致总费用发生变化。尤其是对于比较特殊的患者，总费用还要包括精液的洗涤及促排卵等。
 
　　而且每个人的体质各不相同，所以有些患者因为要进行多个疗程才能授精成功，次数的不同，也会导致所需要的费用的不同，当然次数越少，越早成功，花费也就越少。反之，次数越多，越晚成功，所需要的花费也就越多，所以患者要做好经济以及精神准备，特别是在男性精液异常的时候，费用也就不同了。
 
　　人工受孕适用人群
 
　　人工受孕主要用于由男性原因造成的不孕，如严重的尿道下裂、逆行射精、勃起障碍、无精症、少精症、弱精症、精液不液化症。有些女性方面造成的不孕也能采用人工受孕，如阴道痉挛、宫颈细小、宫颈黏液异常、性交后试验欠佳等。另外，有一些特殊情况，如免疫学原因的不孕，夫妇双方均是同一种常染色体隐性遗传病的杂合体或男性患常染色体显性遗传病，也可用人工受孕的方法获孕和避免不健康后代出生。
 
　　人工受孕要注意什么?
 
　　1、对赠精者必须做全面检查，包括乙肝表面抗原、血型，并除外其它传染病，还应对其外貌及智力有所了解。同一供精者的精液致妊娠5例以后即不能再用，以避免其后代互相通婚的可能性。
 
　　2、如果女方有全身性疾患或传染病，严重生殖器官发育不全或畸形，有严重子宫颈糜烂不能接受人工受孕。
 
　　3、供精者精液人工受孕因不是夫妻双方的精卵结合，可能引起伦理学和法律上的一些问题。一方面，供精者精液人工受孕解决了由于男性因素而引起的不孕，也可以避免将男方的遗传
 
　　人工受孕流程图病带给后代，起到了优生的作用;但另一方面因人工受孕使用了“第三者”的精子，有可能破坏婚姻家庭的统一性或夫妻之间的爱情以及对儿女的照料。因此，在接受之前请做好足够的思想准备。
　
 
　　人工受孕会诱导较多卵子排出，这是不孕症治疗法中最简便的方式，然而这种方法也有副作用：
 
　　1、产生多胞胎
 
　　由于经过药物刺激，排出卵子数量多于一个，因此受精产生多胞胎的机会也会大增，一般而言，通过人工受孕产生多胞胎机会约为四分之一到三分之一。
 
　　2、过度刺激卵巢
 
　　刺激过后，卵巢中有许多卵泡长大，因而产生过高的荷尔蒙，少数妇女可能因此出现腹胀、腹水的症状，甚至需要住院治疗。若注入精液时压力过高，速度过快，可引起子宫痉挛性收缩，表现为女方下腹痛。
 
　　3、会增加早期自发流产率高
 
　　可能与宫腔内授精越过了宫颈粘液对精子代孕婴儿自然选择过程有关。
 
　　4、心理影响
 
　　性交方式代孕婴儿改变对心理有一定影响;人工授精本身造成代孕婴儿精神紧张与迫切要求妊娠心理对排卵活动代孕婴儿规律性有一定代孕婴儿影响。
 
　　5、引发多种妇科疾病
 
　　由于宫颈管代孕婴儿杀菌屏障被越过去了，增加了感染机会，有报道能引起附件炎和盆腔炎。虽然在整个精液处理、冷冻及人工授精过程中均严格按照无菌操作，但采集到代孕婴儿精液本身并非绝对无菌。
 
　　人工受孕的成功率高吗?
 
　　用丈夫精液人工受孕可因精子数和活动率不同而有差异，与操作次数也有关。如果精液正常，总成功率可达50%～70%。用供精者精液人工受孕的成功率一般较用丈夫精液人工受孕高，用新鲜精液的约为70%;冷藏精液的成功率则约 50%，但却降低了传染病传播的危险。子宫腔内人工受孕的成功率约为40%。
 
　　人工受孕的成功率取决于以下几个因素：首先，不育的原因是非常重要的，有良好的精子计数和活动力但不能性交的男性，其人工受孕成功的机会明显高于精子有异常的男性。其次，女方的年龄因素也起着重要作用。如果女方超过35岁，其怀孕机会显著降低。第三，排卵的可预见性也很重要。月经越规律，怀孕的成功率越高。第四，子宫内膜异位症或盆腔感染史或输卵管疾病减少成功率，但既往曾怀孕者成功率较高。总而言之，在每月进行的人工受孕中，每一周期的怀孕成功率大约在10%到15%。

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