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孕妈妈做哪些心理建设有助于“胎儿气质”修养?

发布日期:2024-08-31 00:23:04编辑:胖虎爱撩妹

每位孕妈妈在孕期都会非常注重自己身体各个方面的营养摄入,以期望自己孕育的宝宝可以身体健康、乖巧可爱。
 
而宝宝的性格似乎是先天的部分,通过父母基因的遗传一项指标就占据了所有性格中的先天部分吗?那为什么一个家庭有多个孩子的时候,孩子之间的性格差异非常的大,有的甚至是绝对的对立性格。
 
其中的原因除了遗传基因的作用之外,妈妈们似乎从没有意识到,在胎宝宝孕育的过程中,孕妈妈的很多行为和做法对于胎宝宝的性格是会产生一定影响的。
 
今天,我们就一起探讨一下关于孕期如何做会影响胎儿的性格发展。
 
 
01 婴儿的先天气质类型
 
什么是婴儿的先天气质?简单理解就是婴儿的先天性格倾向,但是由于婴儿出生后以生活照料为主的,所以不会按照严格的性格类型来进行区分,仅仅是作为性格倾向来解释婴儿对外界的不同反应。
 
而且孩子最终的性格形成有越来越多的研究证实,后天的养育环境对稳定性格的塑造比先天遗传带来的性格影响更具有决定性作用。所以,孩子先天气质类型能够影响养育过程中父母对待婴儿的态度以及父母对自己孩子的初步印象。
 
使用最多的婴儿先天气质类型分类是心理学家托马斯、切斯等研究的三类型:容易型、困难型、迟缓型。
 
容易型婴儿顾名思义,他们的生理需要非常的稳定有规律,情绪积极稳定,对父母的回应也是更积极的。这类婴儿更容易受到成人的喜爱而留下好的印象。
 
困难型婴儿的生理规律不是很好掌握,情绪非常不稳定,脾气暴躁,安抚起来有一定的困难,对新环境的适应比较慢,父母需要花费比较多的力气在这类婴儿身上,父母容易疲惫,没有耐心。
 
迟缓型的婴儿对环境的回应度明显不高,情绪处于低沉消极的状态,但是没有困难型那么容易哭闹,这类型孩子随着对环境的适应,反应性会逐渐变高。
 
婴儿的先天气质类型基本包括了65%以上的婴儿,但是依然有一部分婴儿不完全属于这些类型当中。这个背后有更多复杂的因素在其中,绝大多数婴儿都可以大致归纳为三种先天气质当中。
 
 
 
02 生理因素对胎儿先天性格的影响
 
我们都知道,胎儿在孕育的整个过程都是和母体完全连接在一起的,因此母亲身体的生理状况对孩子各方面的生长发育都有很大的影响。
 
这就要求孕妈妈在孕期要避免一切对胎儿有风险的生理环境。比如,孕妈自己吸烟、饮酒、二手烟的环境、严重的噪音环境、熬夜等,我们往往知道这些行为会带给胎儿严重性的危害,但是仍然有不少孕妈会忽视这些行为。
 
那么,孕期女性经常让自己的身体处于这种危险状况的话,自己也会因此而产生过度的情绪不稳定问题,情绪的波动会通过神经信号传递给胎儿,让胎儿本能的对生存产生焦虑和恐惧,出生后会更同意倾向于难养型。
 
也有专门的研究小组对困难型婴儿的孕育史进行过调查,他们大多数在母体内经历过比较艰难的生存处境或者母亲有更为复杂的生活环境。这个研究小组推断,困难型婴儿在母体内优先感受到生存的艰难,所以出生后需要更多的照料和看护来确保自己能够顺利成长。
 
孕期生理影响因素会对婴儿性格产生不好的影响,同样重视生理因素的孕妈也能够发挥生理干预的价值。
 
在孕期充足合理的营养搭配之外,有数据显示,孕妈多吃一些富含DHA的深海鱼油的优质蛋白食物,不仅能够对胎儿的大脑和神经发育提供需要的营养元素,而大脑神经元对信号的传递直接影响情绪的稳定能力。
 
 
 
03 心理因素对胎儿先天性格的影响
 
孕期女性的情绪非常容易受到外界任何细微因素的影响而导致大幅度的波动,主要原因也是在于身体激素水平导致的感受性增加。而孕妈情绪能力的稳定与否,直接会影响到胎儿的情绪感受水平。
 
比如,很多孕妈妈都有过类似的经历,在孕晚期时,胎儿对外界的感受力已经很强烈,当孕妈因为任何事情忽然情绪激动的时候,很明显能够感受到胎儿的胎动频繁,胎心速度加快。这就是孕妈妈的情绪带给胎儿情绪波动最直接的体验。
 
而孕妈妈这样的情绪波动特别频繁时,胎儿就会判定为妈妈所处的环境是一个危机重重的环境,那么胎儿的先天性格张扬的部分就会受到抑制,向着迟缓型发展,以规避风险。
 
那么,孕期如何调节自己的心理状态来助力胎儿性格发展呢?
 
首先,孕妈可以通过合理的户外运动调节自己的情绪,孕期激素水平不稳定,而恰当的运动能够促使体内多巴胺的分泌,对情绪起到一定的稳定作用。
 
其次,遇到任何事情时,及时向专业人员求助,切不可自行思考解决。自己胡思乱想有可能让自己的情绪越来越不好,而且对事情的发展没有任何作用,所以就交给别人解决吧。
 
最后,孕期尽量避免一个人独处。孕期家里最好时刻有人在,毕竟孕妈处在特殊时期,遇到一些突发情况身边没有人,直接影响到的就是情绪状况。
 
04 总结
 
婴儿的先天气质类型和孕妈在孕期的情绪稳定性关系非常的大,胎儿就是通过妈妈的情绪感知力来感受外界是否适宜自己生存的。而有非常多完全不必产生情绪波动的状况就要求孕妈能够平常心对待,不然总是给自己的胎宝宝传递生活艰难的信号,孩子的情绪稳定性就会受到很大的影响。

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