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孕期做好充分准备产后不“郁”

发布日期：2014-07-16 13:49:04编辑：Chen

从怀孕开始，孕妇就应多了解育儿知识，向“前辈”多讨教孕育经验，还可以去医院上孕妇学校。准备越充分，就越能应付自如，从而避免孕期、产后遇到各种问题而手足无措，避免因情绪紧张而导致产后抑郁症的发生。

产妇或多或少有抑郁情绪

很多妇女都有过产后情绪低落的体验，比如爱哭、爱发脾气，这种症状持续的时间不会太长，产后12天左右就会消失。

这种奇怪的情绪体验可能与产后荷尔蒙水平的变化有关。怀孕期间，女性的雌激素和黄体酮增长10倍。分娩后，女性的激素在72小时内下降到以前的水平。产后期激素水平迅速降低可能与抑郁症状出现有关。除此之外，产妇对产后出现的各种生理变化的担忧，往往也是产后抑郁的重要诱因。

(1) 疼痛。当伤口痛时，产妇担心会阴裂开，不敢大小便。

(2) 喂奶。有奶吃不完会胀，无奶又会对孩子感觉内疚。反正有奶无奶都有可能变成妈妈们的“心病”。

(3) 过度紧张、身体疲惫、睡眠不足、身体不适等引起很多负面情绪。

(4) 自己无法照顾孩子。不会喂奶、不会冲奶粉、不会哄孩子睡觉，很多时候，特别是年轻的妈妈感觉到无法胜任照顾孩子的重任而产生抑郁情绪。

此外，缺少家人的关怀也是导致产后抑郁的重要原因。

个性内向易患产后抑郁症

产后出现轻度抑郁，就跟感冒一样，12天左右会自行缓解。然而，也有10%-15%的新妈妈的情绪很糟且不能自行缓解，发展为“产后抑郁症”。赵丹曦说，从临床来看，产后抑郁症的发生与产妇个性有较大的关系，内向、敏感、固执的女性特别容易出现这种情况。

广东省妇幼保健院曾对4000多位产妇进行症状量表的筛查，统计显示，产妇中发生抑郁症的占10%-15%。这些产妇常常情绪低落，闷闷不乐，爱自责，往往还伴发头痛、食欲差、失眠等。

最近，就有一名还在坐月子的产妇由家人陪伴来看心理医生。这位产妇26岁，半个月前生了一个健康又漂亮的儿子。产后15天后，婆婆发现媳妇对宝宝不感兴趣，不抱孩子，不喂奶，还动不动就大哭。儿媳妇性格内向，不太爱说话，她的异常表现，让家里人感觉莫名其妙，于是带她来医院看心理科。

当产妇对生活失去兴趣，缺乏动力，就很容易导致恶性事件的发生。抑郁其实是一种“退缩”的防御方式，当遇到自己不能解决的问题时，人可能就会像一个孩子那样，变得脆弱、依赖性强。

孕期做好充分的知识和心理准备

在心理医生看来，结婚、怀孕、生子都属于应激事件，同时也是压力的来源之一。怀孕之后，生活方式就开始发生变化，一些小事往往会让孕妇产生困扰，难以适应。

一位新妈妈深有感触地说：“我在怀孕期间情绪就一直不太好，由于对怀孕准备不充分，怀孕时我怕宝宝不健康，整天都自责、担心，爱放声大哭，虽然老公告诉我没事，但我还是担心，控制不了。等生完孩子，我还是担心，不是怕自己落下病根，就是怕宝宝不健康。”

由此可见，预防产后抑郁症应该在孕期就开始，了解整个孕期的身体变化，从医生那里获得正确的科学的育儿知识，为迎接新生儿到来做好充分的准备，这能减少产后抑郁症的发生。

专家忠告：

多数产后抑郁症病人的症状并不十分明显，不容易被觉察。当产后抑郁症状非常明显，并足以能引起周围其他人注意的话，那么问题可能就比较严重了，必须做到———

(1)主动寻求医生帮助。

(2)把自己的感觉和感受向家人以及朋友倾诉。

(3)与其他新妈妈聊天，谈各自感受。

(4)家属要多关心产妇。有的时候，孩子一出生，全家的注意力都转移到孩子身上，可能忽略了产妇，让产妇有一种从“公主”变成“弃妇”感觉，失落感油然而生。

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