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抓住孩子“感官敏感期”,家长从这5方面引导,促进孩子大脑发育

发布日期:2024-07-27 13:49:18编辑:网络收集

在一个人10岁以前,甚至可以说是青春期以前,存在着非常多的敏感阶段,例如语言敏感期、诅咒敏感期、人际关系敏感期等。

在这些阶段里,孩子的特定感知会变得强烈而成长迅速,家长们把握的好可以帮助孩子成长,反之则会耽误孩子。听了这么多敏感期,家长们是否注意到了“感官敏感期”的存在?

宝妈小妲在孩子出生不久后学习了一种叫做“闪卡”的教育理论,也就是说,家长们可以把各种小知识做成卡片,放在孩子的眼前,再从这些卡片中,让孩子逐次记忆后,迅速切换,锻炼孩子的记忆能力,观察能力等。

她去书店里看了看,发现还真有不少的卡片类书本,想必是针对于成长中的宝宝而制定的。看着这些卡片制作精美,宝妈觉得应该孩子会喜欢。

可是买了一些回家,没带孩子学几天,他就慢慢的没有兴趣了,经常会把这些卡片的内容弄混淆。

一、什么是孩子的“感官敏感期”?

感官敏感期指的0至6岁的孩子从出生起,就会借着听觉、视觉、味觉、触觉等感官来熟悉环境、了解事物。

这是蒙台梭利诸多教育学理论中的一个方面,在蒙台梭利看来,在幼儿的心理发展中会出现各种“敏感期”,像感官敏感期一样,无时不刻在影响着孩子。

她说:“正是这种敏感期,使儿童用一种特有的强烈程度去接触外部世界。在这时期,他们对每样事情都易学会,对一切充满了活力和激情。”

所以,她很重视在感官敏感期阶段,家长的引导和环境作用,作为父母,应该注意幼儿的心理发展和生理的发展之间的密切关系,到底是如何帮助孩子度过,引导孩子形成正确的认知与习惯的,这很重要。

二、家长如何帮助孩子度过“感官敏感期”?

听觉能力在宝宝出生后就已经开始发育了,当他开始跟随着父母的声音笑和哭时,就开始了听力学习的人生。那么在感官敏感期里,听觉方面的表现,都有哪些呢?

所以,家长们可以根据孩子在感官敏感期的听觉特点,进行专门的引导。比如多对孩子说话,研究表明,妈妈和爸爸的声音,会让孩子更有安全感,多听不仅能够培养孩子的能力,还能在心理层面给予孩子保护。

爸爸妈妈多对宝宝说话,利用他喜欢并熟悉的声音进行听觉的锻炼,可以很好的发展听觉能力。

触觉的敏感也可以看做是对细节的敏感,因为在这个阶段里,孩子们会莫名的变得喜欢有规律的环境,比如说玩具的摆放,碗筷的放置等。

幼儿在2-3岁时会表现出对这些细节方面的敏感,他的注意力往往集中在细小事物上,喜欢动手,喜欢通过触摸满足自己。因而,家长们在家的时候就可以利用这些特点帮助孩子。

例如在家里准备一些材质不一样的玩具,满足孩子想要动手的意愿;营造良好的环境,把东西放好,或者是和孩子一起整理,都可以帮助孩子解决这个阶段的触觉敏感问题,以此来培养孩子在感官敏感期的能力。

有专家甚至建议,可以给孩子多洗澡,增加亲子间的肢体接触,也可以起到很好的触觉满足作用。

孩子在成长初期对于嗅觉的把握能力是比较低的,因为他们不知道这是什么,相比于听觉、视觉这种能够直接反馈信息的功能,他们在嗅觉的理解上会比较弱,但是表现力却一点儿也不差。

当孩子进入感官敏感期时,他们在嗅觉上会表现出比较灵敏的反应,有一次朋友家的宝宝在客厅玩玩具,玩着玩着就跑到妈妈房间,告诉正在收拾衣服的妈妈,她闻到了一股臭味,原来,是锅里的菜焦了。

嗅觉的锻炼和培养,父母们不妨试试多让孩子闻一闻,对比醋的味道和和酱油的味道,又或者是牛奶和可乐这种饮品,都能够很好的刺激孩子嗅觉,促进神经发育。

宝妈都知道宝宝在吃奶粉的时候,都不容易接受新的奶粉,也就是说,孩子会习惯于喝有一种奶粉,更换奶粉时,要么会出现生理上的呕吐反应,要么就是孩子不喜欢喝,拒绝喝新奶粉,实际上,这也是感官敏感期里,孩子的发育在影响他们的喜好,那就是味觉功能。

味觉是个体辨别物体味道的感知觉,婴幼儿对此的反应会比较强烈,因而在生活里家长们不难发现关于这一点的表现。这就告诉家长们,在引导孩子味觉发育时,可以利用对味觉的直接感受,做好引导和教育。

像给孩子吃柠檬、糖果,让他将味道与名词、物体相关联,可以很好的让孩子了解酸甜苦辣的具体感知。

视觉是个体最基本的一种感觉,也是非常重要的一项感知能力,婴幼儿在感官敏感期呈现的视觉状态便是:根据距离调节视焦距;容易被吸引;喜欢“看”等。

在视觉方面的引导就显得比较容易了,家长们在家里可以给孩子看很多的颜色,色彩丰富的衣服、五颜六色的玩具可以提供一定的帮助,以此刺激孩子的视觉神经。

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