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大人学儿语，不利于宝宝学说话嘛？

发布日期：2024-07-25 14:27:59编辑：秩名


儿语可取不可取？

 
很多早教的观点都提倡家长不要学宝宝说“儿语”，旨在要给他营造一个自然、真实的语言环境，避免影响宝宝的语言发展。事实果真如此吗？儿语，究竟是可取还是不可取？
 

※大人学说儿语，不利于宝宝学说话？※

 
当宝宝开始“冒”话，他常常会有自己特别的表达方式。比如，要喝牛奶，他可能会指着牛奶喊“牛牛”或者“奶奶”等；想拿某个东西，他会伸出小手，一边喊着“拿拿”一边做出抓挠的手势……要到一定的年龄，宝宝的这些儿语才会被那些正式的语言所取代。
 
但当成人也总是以这类类似叠叠词的儿语回应宝宝的儿语时，宝宝的儿语便得到了强化，他学习正规语言的进程貌似会略微延缓。
 
而且，从量的意义上来说，他需要学习的词汇量也会因此增大，这样的回应方式似乎是在增加宝宝的负担，对他发展语言意义不大。这便是很多人担心大人学儿语会影响宝宝学说话的一个重要原因。
 

※儿语，不是你想的那样※

 
为什么宝宝会用儿语？是因为受生理发育所限，有很多音宝宝暂时发不出来，他只好退而求其次，选取一部分容易发声的音来表达自己。从一个字，到重叠的两个字，对宝宝来说，这可是个飞跃性的突破。如果我们认真研究宝宝，还会发现，他们表达的词汇有着丰富的语义，跟古汉语有很多相似之处，并非我们想象的那么简单。
 
朋友家有个宝宝，1岁半。这个宝宝的儿语就很特别。有时候，他会指着外面喊“梯梯”，意思是要从楼梯下去，到外面玩；当他想拿高处的东西时，他也会指着要拿的东西喊“梯梯”。看，在普遍情况下，“梯梯”就是指实际意义上的楼梯，而在某些特定情况下，这个宝宝的“梯梯”又会借指方位，甚至是外出、出门等。这一切都来源于宝宝的生活经验——楼梯可以改变他的空间位置，既可以通过楼梯下去，走向外面，又可以通过爬楼梯上到高处。而楼梯这个词不那么好发声，“梯梯”相对就简单多了。于是，宝宝便用“梯梯”来指代“楼梯”、“外出”和“高处”。
 
一个重叠的儿语词汇，貌似简单，实际并不简单，它隐含了宝宝的一个复杂的思维过程，有着丰富的内涵。而这也是宝宝的儿语很多时候外人听不懂、只有他最亲近的人才听得懂的一个重要原因。
 

※回应儿语，各得其所※

 
面对宝宝的儿语时，大多数的家长都会不自觉地反过来学宝宝说话，以“他用的”儿语做回应。这是一种趋近于本能的反应。本能的反应通常都不会错。无论人类，还是其他高等动物，本能的反应对种族的繁衍与发展都有着积极的意义。因此，只要家长积极响应，宝宝就会从家长的反应中深受鼓舞，尝试发出更多的音，他的语言就有了飞速发展的可能性。
 
相反，如果家长反应冷淡，宝宝的努力得不到肯定，他发声的积极性就不会那么高涨。
 
不过，有些专家会建议家长们放弃儿话，以成人的语言跟宝宝交流，以便孩子尽早学习到正规的语言。这样的提议当然有其合理性。但是，事情并非那么绝对。原因有四：
 
第一，模仿宝宝是肯定宝宝最好的方式。不仅儿语，包括宝宝那些无意义的发声，如果我们能去模仿他，以此作为游戏的契机，他都会从中获得乐趣，并做出更多的尝试。
 
第二，如果我们统计一下就会发现，宝宝儿语的词汇量并不太多，这少量的词汇量不至于成为宝宝的负担，没必要担心。
 
第三，宝宝语言的获得倚重于环境氛围。即便我们以儿语回应他，也不会妨碍他从自然的语言环境中习得更多的语言元素。因为，成人之间的交流，他一样会留心，并尝试模仿。事实上，宝宝很多的语言都不是我们教的，而是他从环境中自然而然吸收的。吸收之后，他会以我们不知情的方式内化成他自己的语言，通过重组往外输出。并且，在重组、输出的过程中，他还会尝试不断修正，使它们更趋规范。
 
第四，在以儿语回应宝宝的过程中，成人也获得更多的愉悦感。这种愉悦感可以增进亲子关系，调动我们回应宝宝的积极性，无论对宝宝还是成人自己都是有益无害的。
 

※育儿无绝对，自然最重要※

 
既然以儿语回应宝宝有如此多的益处，是不是就该提倡大家都来用儿语回应儿语呢？当然没有这个必要。
 
儿语用否不重要，重要的是家长回应的方式与态度。只要是宝宝享受的方式，儿语也罢，非儿语也罢，都是好的方式。如果因为我们认为某种方式更好，就非要刻意采用这种方式，结果搞得自己很别扭，很做作，那就适得其反了。与其这样，还不如放弃这种方式，以更自然的方式去回应宝宝。
 
最近正在热播的《爸爸去哪儿》，相信很多家长都看过。里面有很多Kimi要喝奶的镜头。每次要喝奶的时候，Kimi都会嗲嗲地喊：“爸爸，要喝奶奶！”而林志颖从来都不会以儿语回应Kimi，但这一点都不妨碍他们父子俩交流，也不会影响到他们父子俩的关系。Kimi很清楚，爸爸说的“牛奶”跟他说的“奶奶”都是指同一个东西。
 
当然，也有一部分家长会刻意地强化儿语，将很多自然的语言儿语化，让人听着不明所以，甚至很别扭，这也是没有必要的。无论儿语与否，给孩子一个自然愉悦的语言环境才是最重要的。终归有一天，孩子需要放弃儿语，换之以自然流畅的语言与人交流。我们又何必多此一举呢？在孩子刚刚学习语言的时候，以儿语待之没什么不好。在孩子语言表达能力已经发展到一定程度之后，我们就可以尝试放弃儿语，以正常的语言与孩子交流，为他语言发展上一个新的台阶做准备了。
 
总之，育儿无绝对，自然最重要。儿语不儿语，具体情况具体分析就好，不必那么纠结。

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