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幼儿园大班科学教案：水和油的小秘密

发布日期：2015-12-08 16:43:06编辑：Chen

活动目标：

1、通过实验知道油不溶于水。

2、培养、激发幼儿动手操作及对科学活动的兴趣。

3、学习、认识、理解词汇：融合、分离。

4、探索各类绘画材料的特性(水粉颜料、油画颜料、蜡笔等)。

活动准备：

教具：

1、清水、牛奶、红色水、蓝色水、油各一小杯。

2、图片一张、一盆清水、一个空盆

学具：1、桌面：一小碗油、红色水、黄色水、蓝色水各半杯

2、桌底：一盆清水、一个空盆

3、每位幼儿两个透明杯、一把小勺。

4、棉签、白纸教具的准备中，控制好有色颜料水的浓度，以便可以在清水中更好的体现出它的色彩。选择深色系的图片，让幼儿可以清晰的观察出透过水和水杯展现出的影像。

学具的准备需要为每位幼儿准备好一套实验工具，让每位幼儿都可以自己动手操作，体会其中的乐趣。清水和空盆的提供可以每桌一个，大家共用。透明的水杯以选择底部较稳的杯子为宜，以免幼儿在操作中碰到后，将水洒出。

活动过程：

一、巩固已有知识经验

1、出示水提问：水是什么颜色的?

隔着玻璃杯，透过水，可以清晰的看到图片上内容。以此帮助幼儿理解：水是透明的。

请小朋友自己进行归纳总结，说出水的特性，知道水是无色、透明、可以流动的。

再出示牛奶提问：刚才水颜色是无色，那请小朋友说一说牛奶是什么颜色?

幼儿归纳总结

设计意图：对于水的了解，小朋友们从小班开始就有了逐步的接触和认识。所以这一系列的操作由老师进行，幼儿进行总结归纳，在锻炼了他们观察能力的同时也进一步加深了他们对于科学实验所产生的结果能用语言进行总结的技能。

2、练习盛水、倒水的方法师：请小朋友们将小杯靠近大盆，再用桌子上的小勺轻轻的将大盆中的水盛到小杯中。看看谁的本领最大，可以不让小水滴偷偷溜到盆外。

设计意图：玩水是大部分孩子的天性，当幼儿们看到桌子上的勺子和水杯时，早已按捺不住伸手一试的冲动。为了让孩子能将注意力放在接下来的科学实验中，所以在一开始就让他们尝试盛水、倒水的小乐趣。在帮助幼儿理解水是可以流动的特性同时，也为了在接下来的活动中，所产生的一些操作上的需要，做好相应的练习准备。

二、融合小实验

1、师：小朋友，清水中加入红色水会变成什么颜色?幼儿进行猜测。

幼儿进行操作，并且得出正确结果：清水中加入红色水后就变成红色水了 。

同样方法，了解清水与黄色混到一起后的变化。

学习新词汇：“融合”

2、幼儿动手操作，请个别幼儿展示。

请幼儿新词汇“融合”对于刚才的操作进行总结和归纳。

设计意图：通过水与有色水的混合，让幼儿理解了相互融合的意义。同时为下面的另一个新词汇“分离”做好铺垫。

三、油水分离小实验出示花生油师：请小朋友说说老师手上的花生油是什么颜色的?

通过观察知道花生油是黄色、透明的。

师：如果让它和水放在一起会有怎么样的变化?

幼儿进行预测、探索。

师：为了证实小朋友们的设想是否正确，现在还是请你们进行小实验。将玻璃杯中盛半杯清水，再盛一勺油放在清水杯中，看看会发生怎么的结果。

幼儿动手操作、搅拌。

由幼儿进行总结。教师引导幼儿说出：油和水是分离的，水在下面，油在上面。

学习新词汇：“分离”

教师小结：油不溶于水的原因是由于油比水要轻。

设计意图：油水分离的实验是本节活动设计的重点，所以在活动中所占时间长一些。首先由幼儿进行观察油的特征，其次进行猜测混合后的变化，再次进行操作得出正确结果，最后由幼儿总结，老师说出油和水不能融合的秘密。所有过程由全部交由幼儿操作进行，符合大班幼儿的年龄特点，充分展示了他们爱动脑、爱动手的能力体现。

四、活动延伸

师：今天我们要画一幅有趣的画，工具是棉签和油。请小朋友在白纸上用沾了油的棉签画一幅你喜欢的画。在吹干以后，用刚才我们融合在一起的红色、黄色颜料刷在白纸上，看一看完成后的作品会有怎样的奇妙之处。

设计意图：利用油水分离的方法，通过绘画作品的展示，更为直接的体会到不同的风格的绘画乐趣。

五、探索活动寻找我们在日常生活中关于油和水的一些工具，给我们生活所带来的便利。

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